United States presidential election of 2000, American presidential election held on Nov. 7, 2000, in which Republican George W. Bush narrowly lost the popular vote to Democrat Al Gore but defeated Gore in the electoral college. According to legal analyst Jeffrey Toobin, later analysis showed that a total of 18 countiesaccounting for a quarter of all votes cast in Floridadid not carry out the legally mandated machine recount, but "No one from the Gore campaign ever challenged this view" that the machine recount had been completed. The U.S. Supreme Court convened on December 1 to consider Bush's appeal. Between May 1999 and Election Day 2000, two Florida secretaries of state, While the Bush campaign opposed the Gore campaign's requests for manual recounts in four heavily Democratic counties, they quietly accepted manual recounts from four Republican-leaning counties. It was instead a painful reminder of the days when the battle for the ballot was, literally, a life-and-death matter. [36], The project's goal was to determine the reliability and accuracy of the systems used in the voting process, including how different systems correlated with voter mistakes. It was ostensibly completed on November 10 in the 66 Florida counties that used vote-counting machines and reduced Bush's lead to 327 votes. The vote had been announced by Florida's secretary of state. B.K., sounds like you are a believer in state's rights. United States presidential election of 2000, A History of U.S. Presidential Elections in Maps. But as more votes were counted, Bush edged into the lead later in the night, prompting networks to renounce their projections and name Florida as undecided. Then they called the Sunshine State for Bush, which was followed by a private concession by Gore that was itself soon rescinded. "[7] Even an elections supervisor in Madison County was barred from voting; she and others "tried to get the state to rectify the problem, but their pleas fell on deaf ears."[7]. Directed by Jay Roach, it starred Kevin Spacey as Ron Klain, Bob Balaban as Benjamin Ginsberg, Ed Begley Jr. as David Boies, Laura Dern as Katherine Harris, John Hurt as Warren Christopher, Denis Leary as Michael Whouley, Bruce McGill as Mac Stipanovich, and Tom Wilkinson as James Baker. Could Florida have decided not to send its electors to the Electoral College if it did not have time to ensure the election was properly counted? The 2000 United States presidential election in Florida took place on November 7, 2000, as part of the nationwide presidential election. By November 10 the machine recount was complete, and Bushs lead stood at 327 votes out of six million cast. Republican Ron DeSantis proclaimed victory in the governor's race and current Gov. Election of 2000 On election night in November, television news networks initially declared that Gore had won Florida, despite several polls open in Republican-leaning districts, with. Gore, as Bill Clintons vice president for eight years, was the clear favourite in the primary to win the Democratic nomination. As USA Today said of the findings on May 11, 2001: USA Today: George W. Bush would have won a hand recount of all disputed ballots in Floridas presidential election if the most widely accepted standard for judging votes had been applied. That phrase is being invoked a lot in light of this year's ultra-tight Florida statewide elections. Who really won Bush-Gore election? | CNN Politics As court challenges were issued over the legality of hand recounts in select counties, news stories were filled with the arcane vocabulary of the election judge. Trained investigators examined 175,010 ballots provided by local election officials. The recount was in progress on December 9 when the United States Supreme Court, by a 5 to 4 vote (Justices Stevens, Souter, Ginsburg and Breyer dissenting), granted Bush's emergency plea for a stay of the Florida Supreme Court recount ruling, stopping the incomplete recount. The Florida Recount Of 2000: A Nightmare That Goes On Haunting The hotly-contested battle for the presidency between George W. Bush and Al Gore was ultimately decided by the Supreme Court. Bush's win in Florida gave him a majority of votes in the Electoral College and victory in the presidential election. These convoluted ballot designs led to calls for election and voting reform, and some states installed electronic voting machines to ensure greater accuracy in future elections. The 2000 presidential election was the closest in the history of the US Electoral College and the first ever to be decided by the US Supreme Court. George W. Bush (R) & Dick Cheney (R) v. Al Gore (D) & Joe Liberman (D) No candidate won a majority in the 2000 election. United States presidential election of 2004 - Britannica The only exception: African-Americans. Gore, like 2016 Democratic presidential nomineeHillary Clinton, won the popular vote and eventually lost the Electoral College vote in a brutal defeat against Bush. The Associated Press, 11 Nov 2001. An elector who votes for someone other than his or her candidate is known as a faithless elector. The organization analyzed 171,908 ballots (60,647 undervotes and 111,261 overvotes), 3102 less than the later NORC study. According to a massive months-long study commissioned by eight news organizations in 2001, George W. Bush probably still would have won even if the U.S. Supreme Court had allowed a limited statewide recount to go forward as ordered by Floridas highest court. The news organizations hired the National Opinion Research Center at the University of Chicago to look at each untallied ballot. Also at issue was the so-called butterfly ballot design used in Palm Beach county, which caused confusion among some residents who had intended to vote for Goreleading them to inadvertently cast some 3,400 votes for an ultraconservative third-party candidate, Pat Buchanan, which amounted to about 20 percent of his total votes statewide. On December 8, in a 43 decision, the Florida Supreme Court ordered immediate manual recounts of undervotes for the office of president in all counties where such recounts had not already taken place. The margin in Florida had shrunk to a sliver and a recount seemed in order. [4] According to The Palm Beach Post, "State lawmakers decided to weed out felons and other ineligible voters in 1998 after a Miami mayoral election was overturned because votes had been cast by the convicted and the dead. A problem that occurred in Florida during the 2000 election was very minute difference in votes that state statute necessitated a repeat. You can specify conditions of storing and accessing cookies in your browser. The Bush campaign subsequently appealed to the Supreme Court of the United States, which took up the case Bush v. Palm Beach County Canvassing Board on December 1. Why was a re-vote not enacted, that could have been monitored more carefully? [10] The county canvassing board was then to decide whether to do a recount, as well as the method of the recount, in those three precincts. With Bush at 246 electoral votes and Gore at 266, the Florida results likely determined the outcome of the 2000 presidential election. On December 8, the Florida justices, by a 43 vote, rejected the selective use of manual recounts in just four counties and ordered immediate manual recounts of all ballots in the state where no vote for president had been machine-recorded, also known as undervotes. The case then raced through the state-level court and headed to the US Supreme Court. Among the many bad things aboutBush v. Gore, one of the worst is it takes, like, till page seven until you find out the outcome of the case, Ron Klain, a Gore aide,toldthe Atlantic. Miami-Dade County decided on November 17 to conduct a recount but suspended it on November 22. On the other hand, he said, Democrats talked like referees with a fear of pushing too hard, not wanting to be seen as sore losers. As the manual recounts continued, the battle to certify the results intensified. The instructions on the sample ballots said "Vote every page". 2000 United States presidential election in Florida, Counties that flipped from Democratic to Republican, Counties that flipped from Republican to Democratic, The previous closest statewide presidential elections were two in. As a result of the state's contract with Database Technologies, "173,000 registered voters in Florida were permanently wiped off the voter rolls. Unlike Biden, Gore only had one pathway to land a spot in the Oval Office, as the race all came down to Floridas then-21electoral votes. Furthermore, the study did not consider overvotes, ballots that registered more than one vote when counted by machine. Am I correct? The final official Florida count gave the victory to Bush by 537 votes, making it by percentage not only the tightest race of the campaign (New Mexico was decided by 366 votes but has a much smaller population, representing a 0.061% margin), but also the closest in any United States presidential election ever. The 2000 election resulted in numerous court battles over contested ballots and recounts. Cantal Asia? Meanwhile, on December 6 the Republican-controlled Florida legislature convened a special session to appoint a slate of electors pledged to Bush, as the U.S. Constitution bestows upon state legislatures the duty to determine how its state's electors are appointed. When the Florida Supreme Court ordered a statewide recount of remaining uncounted undervotes, it stipulated that the incomplete results from Palm Beach and Miami-Dade Counties that had been rejected by Katherine Harris be counted. Only a fourth of the variance consisted of optical ballots. When 85 percent of the vote had been counted, news networks declared Bush the winner, though election results in a few heavily Democratic counties had yet to be tallied. All were pledged to and voted for George W. Bush and Dick Cheney:[17]. This page was last edited on 31 January 2023, at 18:06. The Herron memo gave postmark and "point of origin" criteria that Herron maintained could be used to challenge overseas ballots. Ultimately, the contest focused on Florida. The outcome of the election was ultimately decided by the US Supreme Court in, The 2000 presidential election pitted Republican George W. Bush, governor of Texas and son of former US president George H.W. The GOP effort in 2000 broadcasted massive talent within the party that likely helped Bush land a White House win. On December 4, the U.S. Supreme Court returned this matter to the Florida Supreme Court with an order vacating its earlier decision. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. In this constitutional system, the "will of the people" is an irrelevant abstraction. [37] Because there was no clear indication of what the voters intended, those numbers were not included in the consortium's final tabulations. Networks initially projected Gore the winner in Florida, but later they declared that Bush had opened an insurmountable lead. How does the election of 2000 compare to other presidential elections? The 2000 election between George W. Bush, the Republican candidate, and Democratic candidate Al Gore remains controversial because the vote between the two candidates was so close . Omissions? In 2000, Florida was allocated 25 electors because it had 23 congressional districts and 2 senators. The Bush campaign appealed the decision, and the US Supreme Court agreed to hear the case. [2] Gore phoned Bush the night of the election to concede, then retracted his concession after learning how close the Florida count was.[3]. in the election of 2000 florida was brainly To log in and use all the features of Khan Academy, please enable JavaScript in your browser. Orange County then performed a hand segregation and determined that these votes numbered 184 for Bush, 249 for Gore and 79 for other candidates. ET on their election night specials, the national networks were calling populous swing states such as Pennsylvania and Michigan for Gore. Bush, and Democrat Bill Clinton. What good and Ideas came from china ? These standards are applied to both undervotes and overvotes. Florida had 25 electoral votes and became the focus of a court battle over the outcome of the election. On November 9, the Bush campaign announced they had hired George H. W. Bush's former Secretary of State James Baker and Republican political consultant Roger Stone to oversee their legal team,[8][9] and the Gore campaign hired Bill Clinton's former Secretary of State Warren Christopher. in the election of 2000 florida was brainly . The small margin produced an automatic recount under Florida state law, which began the day after the election. So, when Harris certified Bush the winner, the Democrats sued to force a recount in a few counties where they thought it would help them overcome Bush's narrow margin. It also stayed the state certification to November 26. Bush ultimately prevailed after a strenuous fight, including an especially brutal effort by the Bush campaign in the South Carolina primary. That meant he would be president. Some media reports focused on undervotes (chad blocked hole, wrong ink or pencil used, partial oval mark not detected, humidity affected scanner, ballot feeder misalignment), while others also included overvotes (hole punched or oval filled plus a write-in name, other multi-marked ballots). On election day, Gore won the popular vote by over half a million votes. They argue that American democracy is a far stricter, Lockean, Anglo-American system based on the letter of the law and a successful vote cast by a rational, responsible voter. Following the machine recount, the Gore campaign requested a manual recount in four counties. The Electoral College - Controversial Elections - FairVote Florida voting irregularities United. Prevailing standard: requires at least one corner of chad detached on punch card undervotes; any affirmative mark on optical scan ballots; includes overvotes. Direct link to Camden Charles's post Could Florida have decide, Posted 2 years ago. While the races in Florida last week appeared to be decided by thousands or tens of thousands, the presidential count there in 2000 was being measured in hundreds. On November 14, the original deadline for reporting results, with the Volusia County recount complete, Bush held a 300-vote lead. It would surely be accepted by the reviewing authority, which was the U.S. Senate, where Republicans were in control. To know more about presidential election of 2000 visit:-, This site is using cookies under cookie policy . [74][75][76], The National Opinion Research Center at the University of Chicago, sponsored by a consortium of major U.S. news organizations, conducted the Florida Ballot Project, a comprehensive review of ballots collected from the entire state, not just the disputed counties that were recounted. Gore request for recounts in four counties: Florida Supreme Court order: accepts completed recounts for Broward, Palm Beach, Volusia and Miami-Dade (139 precincts); applies the above "prevailing standard" (but with no overvotes) to remaining Miami-Dade and other 63 counties. But the state of the 2020 race is completely different, as Gore stated, than two decades ago. The Bush campaign quickly filed an appeal with the U.S. Supreme Court, asking it to delay the recounts until it could hear the case; a stay was issued by the court on December 9. "Study concludes accurate election recount virtually impossible." In this race, the gap appeared to be roughly 0.01 percent. The Court, stating that not meeting the "safe harbor" deadline would therefore violate the Florida Election Code, rejected an extension of the deadline.". There were punch-card ballots where the voters' attempt to make their choice had only succeeded in detaching a portion of the perforated paper ("hanging chads" ) or merely denting rather than removing the punch-out ("dimpled chads"). All were among 10,310 undervotes in the county. Why or why not? If you're seeing this message, it means we're having trouble loading external resources on our website. In their presidential campaigns, both candidates focused primarily on domestic issues, such as economic growth, the federal budget surplus, health care, tax relief, and reform of social insurance and welfare programs, particularly Social Security and Medicare. AsNew York Magazinesreporter Andrew Ricewrites, many of the same characters from the 2000 presidential legal brawl are still involved. Rice points to Noel Francisco, the former solicitor general,Alex Azarthe current secretary of Health and Human Services,Sen. Ted Cruz (R-Texas)and three people who now sit on the nations highest bench: JusticesJohn Roberts,Brett KavanaughandAmy Coney Barrett. "[5], This initiative occurred without sufficient protection of voting rights. The Palm Beach County recount and the Miami-Dade County recount (having been suspended) were still incomplete at 5:00p.m. on November 26, when Harris certified the statewide vote count with Bush ahead by 537 votes. Since then, we have seen several elections in which exit polling over-sampled voters with college and post-college educations possibly because these voters are more willing to complete an exit poll "ballot" as they leave their polling place. If Gore had won the recount, then he would have won the election with a total of 292 electoral votes, and Bush would have lost with 246 electoral votes. In the Election of 2008, Florida had 27 electoral votes. USA Today, The Miami Herald, and Knight Ridder commissioned accounting firm BDO Seidman to count undervotes. It would of taken too much time and money to do a complete re vote. However, his presence as governor in Florida did help George W. Bush a lot. [15]. appealed the florida supreme court's decision to allow a hand recount. [10] Voters from reliably Democratic states in the Northeast had also been migrating to Florida since the 1950s. Direct link to SoccerboyH2's post IF the results were "scat, Posted 2 years ago. But in 2000, the prize was the presidency of the United States. The standards that were chosen for the NORC study ranged from a "most restrictive" standard (accepts only so-called perfect ballots that machines somehow missed and did not count, or ballots with unambiguous expressions of voter intent) to a "most inclusive" standard (applies a uniform standard of "dimple or better" on punch marks and "all affirmative marks" on optical scan ballots). Consider the fact that babies who were crying in cribs while their parents agonized over Florida's protracted presidential recount in 2000 are now of voting age. There are many possible responses to your question. The day of inauguration is in January and voting day is held in early November. Meanwhile, Republicans relied on their own 52-page manual for the same purpose. What Can This Tell Us About the 2020 Presidential Race? Couldn't they have just redone the entire election? Direct link to David Alexander's post There are many possible r, Posted 6 years ago. emilyrawlings2444. Presidential Election of 2000 - 270toWin When Palm Beach County completed its recount two hours after the certification deadline, its final count was Gore 501 votes, Bush 327 votes excluded from the state certified total. Direct link to 18_pkemp's post I have heard that Jeb Bus, Posted 6 years ago. Please select which sections you would like to print: Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. The election of 2000 (article) | Khan Academy medianoche sandwich puerto rico; the powells he's always been faithful; jackie slang meaning; rick dipietro contract buyout; do we need to develop teamwork in playing doubles; . Treating the petition as a writ of certiorari (a formal request for review), the Court agreed to take up the case, Bush v. Gore. Optical-scan counties were the only places in the study where Gore gained more votes than Bush, 1,036 to 775. Judges are either elected or politically appointed, so probably not in the way you are trying to get at. Seven of the nine justices saw constitutional problems with the Equal Protection Clause of the United States Constitution in the Florida Supreme Court's plan for recounting ballots, citing differing vote-counting standards from county to county and the lack of a single judicial officer to oversee the recount. We have to believe that based on the vote totals elsewhere. If you're behind a web filter, please make sure that the domains *.kastatic.org and *.kasandbox.org are unblocked. I have heard that Jeb Bush rigged the decision in favor of his brother, when Gore should have become the 43rd president. 2000 United States presidential election recount in Florida, NORC-sponsored Florida Ballot Project recount, County-by-county standards for write-in overvotes in 2000. ballots recorded by the assigned review coders as either having "multiple marks" or no punches in the presidential section of ballots, or having indications of voter intent (that meet dynamic filter criteria) recorded by just one of three coders. The county-level variance from the total number of ballots was 0.76%. Three days later, concluding (72) that a fair statewide recount could not be performed in time to meet the December 18 deadline for certifying the states electors, the court issued a controversial 54 decision to reverse the Florida Supreme Courts recount order, effectively awarding the presidency to Bush (see Bush v. Gore). "The states highest officials responsible for ensuring efficiency, uniformity, and fairness in the election failed to fulfill their responsibilities. 34K 2.2M views 4 years ago #HistoryChannel Learn how Florida ended up determining whether Al Gore or George W. Bush would win the U.S. presidency in 2000. Based on the review of these ballots, their results indicated that Bush would have won if certain recounting methods had been used (including the one favored by Gore at the time of the Supreme Court decision), but that Gore might have won under other standards and scenarios. In one of the most controversial decisions that the Supreme Court concluded, the case ended up with a 5 to 4 ruling for Bush on Dec. 12, 2000, a move that puzzled reporters as some said they ruled in favor of Bush, while others said the same about Gore. 7 terms. Please select which sections you would like to print: Michael Levy was political science editor (2000-06), executive editor (2006-11), editor of Britannica Blog (2010-11), and director of product content & curriculum (2011-12) at Encyclopaedia Britannica. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Amount excludes 139 Miami-Dade precincts that were recounted. There is a real issue here about what voting actually means. The standards considered by BDO Seidman were: The study notes that because of the possibility of mistakes, it is difficult to conclude that Gore would have won under the strict standard or that a high degree of certainty obtained in the study's results. Bush carried most states in the South, the rural Midwest, and the Rocky Mountain region, while Gore won most states in the Northeast, the upper Midwest, and the Pacific Coast. Karl Rove, in full Karl Christian Rove, (born December 25, 1950, Denver, Colorado, U.S.), American political consultant and principal architect of U.S. Pres. That call was made in the early morning hours of November 8 by all the TV networks cited above, but not by the AP. [22] At the same time that the Bush campaign was contesting hand recounts in Democratic counties, it accepted hand recounts in Republican counties that gained them 185 votes, including where Republican Party workers had been permitted to correct errors on thousands of applications for absentee ballots for Republicans. Most inclusive standard: any dimpled chads, any affirmative mark on optical scan ballots; includes optical scan overvotes. About 3:00 am Gore called a stunned Bush to retract his concession. Cunningham estimated the number of Buchanan supporters in Palm Beach County to be between 400 and 500. Taylor County determined voter intent on some overvotes; however, it did not include them in its certified results. "Florida recount study: Bush still wins: Study reveals flaws in ballots, voter errors may have cost Gore victory." A full, official recount of all votes statewide could have gone either way, but one was never conducted. For example, 21,188 of the Florida overvotes, or nearly one-fifth of the total, originated from Duval County, where the presidential ballot was split across two pages and voters were instructed to "vote every page".
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