In some cases, discussing personal family issues might feel like a form of disloyalty to a Hispanic recovering addict in a group therapy . Although most Latinos living in the U.S. do speak at least some English, 60 percent of Latino adults speak primarily Spanish at home.6 According to the U.S. Census, more than half of U.S. Latino residents age 5 and older speak English "very well," but a nevertheless significant number of Latino adults speak English "not well" or "not at all. Identifying behavioral health problems is very important to the plan. She agrees to start taking medications, but does not refill her prescriptions or lose weight. Visit behavioral health equity resources for select SAMHSA in-language resources and quality practice and workforce development for select SAMHSA OBHE webinars and blog posts. Exposure to U.S. media is changing traditional Latino perceptions of health, diet, and body image, even as non-Latino Americans are influenced by Mexican cuisine and culture. Visit SAMHSA on Twitter 12Arthur Kleinman, Leon Eisenberg, and Byron Good, "Culture, Illness, and Care: Clinical Lessons from Anthropologic and Cross-Cultural Research," Annals of Internal Medicine 88: 251-258 (1978). Davis Company, 1998): 397-421. Treatment referral and information, 24/7, Visit the SAMHSA Facebook page "1 The term does not refer only to Spanish speakers, however; many people usually thought of as "Hispanic"-the people of Brazil, for instance, or those from indigenous Mexican communities-often do not speak Spanish at all, or at least not as their primary language. Modern Mexicans turn to old ways of childbirth Addiction Demographics: Substance Use in the US | Recovery.org Mexican Americans are much less likely to be treated for hypertension than non-Latino whites (35 versus 49 percent).11 Targeted public health campaigns are needed for hypertension, diabetes prevention, and weight control. Racial and Ethnic Health Inequities and Medicare | KFF She asks about your family, and hesitantly, through the interpreter, you share a bit about your own children. (PDF) Counseling the Hispanic Client: Cuban Americans, Mexican As with any circumscribed ethnic group, there is, of course, enormous cultural heterogeneity among Latino patients-to the point where it seems almost ludicrous to try to identify broad cultural tendencies across such diversity. In the LEARN model, which is illustrated in the Case Study below,28,29 the physician should first sympathetically listen to the patient's perception of the problem, explain his or her perception of the problem to the patient, acknowledge and discuss any differences and similarities between the two views, recommend a treatment plan, and negotiate agreement.30 Use of the LEARN technique identifies and helps resolve any cultural differences that may arise. Latino Culture: Natural Medicines & Alternative Treatments Hispanics generally use multiple methods to treat themselves which involve prayer, folk medicine, prescription medications left over from friends as well as new medications prescribed by physicians. A little more than 45 percent of all births in Mexico are Cesarean sections, which makes it one of the world's leaders in the practice. Vari Hall, Santa Clara University500 El Camino RealSanta Clara, CA 95053408-554-5319, Ethical Considerations for COVID-19 Vaccination, Hackworth Fellowships Project Showcase 2021, The Ethics of Going Back to School in a Pandemic, Systemic Racism, Police Brutality, and the Killing of George Floyd, COVID-19: Ethics, Health and Moving Forward, The Ethical Implications of Mass Shootings, Political Speech in the Age of Social Media, Point/Counterpoint: Democratic Legitimacy, Brett Kavanaugh and the Ethics of the Supreme Court Confirmation Process, https://depts.washington.edu/pfes/PDFs/LatinoCultureClue.pdf, Culturally Competent Care for Latino Patients. 3 Essentially, a curandero or curandera removes mental, emotional, physical and spiritual illnesses or imbalances. Substance Abuse/Addiction Among Hispanic-Latina/o Americans If successful, the intervention could be adapted to other racial or ethnic minorities, such as Hispanic Americans. You recommend a compromise treatment plan for her diabetes and grief. National Prevention Week is a SAMHSA-supported annual health observance dedicated to increasing public awareness of, and action around, substance use and mental health issues. Qualitative data analysis of the 75 symptom and treatment statements was completed, and data were grouped according to symptom and complexity of treatments. Recent immigrants often feel lonely and can have culture shock, fears of deportation, and financial problems; depressed mood may manifest as headaches and somatic symptoms. Patients should be actively involved in their care rather than passively acquiescing to instructions. Such patient activation or motivation for change is more challenging in foreign-born Latinos, but may be achieved through active dialogue and discussion.32 Hopeful involvement in the care plan should replace fatalism or resignation. However, as gold rush fever swept the country, Chinese immigrants, too, were attracted to the notion of quick fortunes. Developing cultural sensitivity to Latino patients entails recognizing and appreciating their diversity. Latinx/Hispanic Communities and Mental Health Mental Health America Offers information about mental health issues in Latinx/Hispanic communities, including demographics, prevalence, treatment issues, and more. A high-carbohydrate and high-calorie diet, a more sedentary lifestyle in the United States, and genetic factors may contribute. You use teach back to ensure that Maria understands your directions, and you provide her with Spanish-language handouts about the benefits of controlling her diabetes and hypertension. 3 percent report that they have trouble navigating the U.S. health care system. Cold linseed tea and hibiscus flower tea for diabetes. Objective Little is known about the treatment outcomes of undocumented Hispanic immigrants with HIV infection. In a 2002 report from the Institute of Medicine, more than 175 studies were cited to document this disparity.6 In an attempt to address this problem, the National Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services (CLAS) were released in 2001 by the Office of Minority Health of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.7 Fourteen guidelines were published, which were organized around three main themes: culturally competent care, language access services, and organizational supports. Today, one in three farm workers are newcomers to the United States, with most of these coming from Mexico. hispanic methods of treatment Hispanic Heritage Month, September 15 - October 15, is an important opportunity to raise awareness about these trends and more importantly, identify culturally and linguistically appropriate prevention and treatment strategies to reduce mental and substance use disorders in the Hispanic/Latino population. What to Know About the Origins of Mexican Folk Healing - Culture Trip Hispanic and Latino are often used interchangeably though they actually mean two different things. As Hispanics continue their ascent as the largest and fastest growing minority group in the U.S., tension points between the healthcare and the Hispanic communities are growing as well, fueled by the lack of outreach from the former to the latter. Latino culture has several normative values that must be recognized in clinical settings. This consortium study defined distinct somatic cancer gene mutation patterns by race/ethnicity and sex among patients with early-onset colorectal cancer (CRC), yielding novel biological clues into early-onset CRC disparities. Culturally Competent Care for Latino Patients Personalismo, a personal connection, can be achieved by asking about the patient and his or her family. Spanish language handouts are a better option. To provide an updated understanding of folk and traditional medicine (FTM) among Hispanic parents in the United States, we surveyed 200 caregivers identifying their child as Hispanic in a pediatric primary care clinic about their cultural health beliefs and practices. dissertation, University of Southern Cali-fornia, 1973. Under-recognition of depression in adult Hispanic Americans may be related to language . Poor communication with health care providers is often an issue. Using the LEARN model, you listen to her story about her poor control of diabetes and frustration with her diet. , may be one strategy to increase treatment . For instance, Latinos highly value family. The same is also applies to the substance abuse treatment. placed on religious beliefs in the maintenance of health and the treatment of illness. Karen Peterson-Iyer is a program specialist in health care ethics at the Markkula Center for Applied Ethics. Addiction can affect a person's impulse control, ability to stop using a substance, using despite risks, and physical and mental changes. Courtney Parker, CC BY. This material may not otherwise be downloaded, copied, printed, stored, transmitted or reproduced in any medium, whether now known or later invented, except as authorized in writing by the AAFP. Latinos comprise the largest minority group in 20 of the 50 states. "7 In the context of a hospital or medical clinic, where medical terminology can be complicated and communication often takes place quickly and amidst elevated emotions, this language barrier can be especially problematic. Association of the End-Stage Renal Disease Treatment Choices Payment Notably, studies that disaggregate Hispanics by their ancestral origin may provide greater insight into the sources of ethnic disparities. Hispanic Ethnicity and Breast Cancer: Disaggregating Surgical Addressing patients properly can be another challenge. . al., "Culture, Illness, and Care," 252. Depression in US Hispanics: Diagnostic and Management Considerations in Her visits to your clinic have been challenging because of her limited English proficiency, late arrivals, and nonadherence to several medications. SAMHSA will be highlighting the important role each of us has in maintaining a healthy life and ensuring a productive future. Hispanics have different degrees of illness or health risks than whites. Herbal therapies play a major role in Latino folk medicine, so knowing the Spanish names of common herbs can be helpful (eTable A). Genetics, environment, and life experiences can all have an impact on . 4Center for Disease Control and Prevention, "Leading Causes of Death," accessed at www.cdc.gov/men/lcod/index.htm; and Richard Allen Williams, "Cultural Diversity, Health Care Disparities, and Cultural Competency in American Medicine," Journal of the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons, Vol. Three types of medications include: (1) agonists, which activate opioid receptors; (2) partial agonists, which also activate opioid receptors but produce a smaller response; and (3) antagonists, which block the receptor and interfere with the rewarding effects of opioids. Fluegelman, Andrew, ed. Garlic and onion are used extensively, as is aloe vera. A child's failure to thrive may be attributed to mal de ojo (evil eye), a hex conveyed by an envious glance. 9Carmen DeNavas-Walt, Bernadette D. Proctor, and Jessica Smith, "Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2006," Current Population Reports, U.S. Census Bureau, August 2007; and Mead et. Delgado Melvin Activities and Hispanic Groups Issues and Suggestions Social from FIL. Her face lights up when you share this. Results: Teas were most commonly used for colic, upper respiratory tract symptoms, and abdominal pain. Each person is unique and simultaneously formed by a variety of cultures and subcultures, not to mention personal choices and socioeconomic circumstances. Copyright 2023 American Academy of Family Physicians. Adding to the language barrier is the pitfall of false fluency, when physicians mistake the meaning of a Spanish word because of unfamiliarity with cultural or linguistic subtleties.4 Another barrier is inability to afford health insurance; nearly one-third of Latinos (30.7 percent) lack coverage.5 Yet another barrier stems from cultural mistrust coupled with a predisposition to seek alternative care first, thus delaying conventional treatment. Many Latino immigrants experience tremendous stress once they are in the United States. This reliance does not necessarily replace modern biomedicine; rather, herbal remedies and other non-allopathic treatments often are utilized in conjunction with Western medical care. 1 (Sept. 2007). For example . Puerto Ricans have a 14 percent higher rate of hypertension-related mortality than other Latino groups. From the upstairs hallway of our home, I watched my great-aunt prepare for the cleansing. Get to know your fellow coach managers and direct reports. One way of describing the distinction is that modern Western doctors are primarily trained to diagnose and treat diseases (in a purely biomedical sense), while traditional healers approach the patient as one suffering from an illness-that is, a culturally located experience of sickness.12 Among some Latino subcultures, folk illnesses such as empacho (a digestive ailment), mal de ojo (the "evil eye"), mollera caida (fallen fontanelle), susto (fright illness), and nervios (vulnerability to stressful experiences) are commonly described; and traditional healers range from curanderos (Mexican healers) and sobadores (traditional masseuses and bone setters) to yerberos (herbalists) and espiritistas (spiritual healers).13 Reliance on folk medicine certainly is not to be found in every, or even most, Latino communities; but it does exist as part of the health care landscape and is found among many patients from Mexico, as well as from various other regions within Latin America. US Hispanics, currently the largest minority group in the country, face disparities in the recognition and treatment of major depression. Indeed, such a patient's silence might best be interpreted as an indirect and nonverbal form of disagreement. About 23 percent of Latinos in the United States live in poverty.2. 1Elizabeth M. Grieco and Rachel C. Cassidy, "Overview of Race and Hispanic Origin 2000," Census 2000 Brief, U.S. Census Bureau, March 2001. These terms are derived from the Spanish verb curar, which means to heal. www.behaviorfrontiers.com. After immigration, some Latios adopt American naming conventions, but others do not. Treatment innovations are described that address the combination of intergenerational and cultural differences that occur among youths and their Hispanic parents. Lack of third party reimbursement for professional interpreter services exacerbates this problem. You then schedule a return visit, during which an interpreter will be available.
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