Do not use an Oxford Academic personal account. 2. Secondly, I will draw upon Phuong Ngo as a case study to describe how descriptive and substantive representation impacted MEM voters in his constituency. Descriptive Representation : Brief Description. Stella M. Rouse is assistant professor of government and politics at University of MarylandCollege Park. Various reasons clarify why this is. Rational deliberation among experts and citizens. The Oxford Handbook of the American Congress, Behavioral Approaches to the Study of Congress, Formal Approaches to the Study of Congress, Touching the Bones: Interviewing and Direct Observational Studies of Congress, Historical Approaches to the Study of Congress: Toward a Congressional Vantage on American Political Development, Campaign Finance in Congressional Elections, Descriptive Representation: Understanding the Impact of Identity on Substantive Representation of Group Interests, Theories of representation and the link between descriptive and substantive representation, Descriptive representation and the constituentrepresentative link, Descriptive representation and substantive representation of group interests, Voting behavior and representation of minority interests, Beyond voting behavior: Exploring the link between descriptive and substantive representation throughout the legislative process, Descriptive representatives and vigorous advocacy for group interests, The importance of institutional and partisan dynamics, Critical mass and institutional influence on descriptive representation, Critical mass and institutional power in congress, Leadership differences in substance and style, Congressional Institutions and Procedures, Managing Plenary Time: The U.S. Congress in Comparative Context, The Ties That Bind: Coalitions in Congress, The Development of Congressional Elections, The Development of the Congressional Committee System, Sectionalism and Congressional Development, Congress and the Executive Branch: Delegation and Presidential Dominance, The Amorphous Relationship between Congress and the Courts, Reflections on the Study of Congress 19692009, ' Descriptive Representation: Understanding the Impact of Identity on Substantive Representation of Group Interests', in George C. 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Beyond bodies: Institutional sources of representation for women in democratic policy-making. 7. Accountability and political representation of national minorities: a forgotten link? Proportional Representation Representation is crucial for democracy: good representation helps to increase re-sponsiveness, foster electoral turnout, increase political interest and include minori-ties. Michele L. Swers is associate professor of government at Georgetown University. Inspection; Surface Mount; Test; Through-Hole; Menu Advantages and disadvantages of descriptive research. Tests: The Material and Tangible Effects of Descriptive Representation. The body is responsible for implementing and drafting . Sociologist. Tannen, D. (1994). The debate about descriptive vs inferential statistics takes away from crafting a more holistic approach. While this observation highlights why it is impossible to include every subgroup all the time, it should not distract from the need of including ethnic and regional minorities in processes of decision-making, and certainly not be seen as a licence to exclude large groups of society. "Share icon", Quan Do, The Noun Project. In J. Klausen & C. Maier (Eds. Political Representation - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy The safest position would be to say that results are "mixed . As graphical representations are exhibited through numerical figures, tables, or graphs, it usually involves fewer errors and mistakes. Legal harmonization and intersectionality in Swedish and Norwegian anti-discrimination reform. For example, you work for a television station and want to understand your viewers better. In addition, the attempts to form race-based alliances have had very little success amongst minority groups as racial similarities are not significant enough to unify different minority groups. From state-managed capitalism to neoliberal crisis. . The innocent are no longer afraid to pursue their first amendment and to remind others that we are all created equal. 1. Descriptivists allow for change and are willing to forgo some rules to fit current norms. Woocommerce Remove Product Attribute Programmatically, Once you have this descriptive research, you can use it to focus your next ad campaign to the right clientele. Cleveland State Law Review, 39(3), 269300. It helps by saving time and money while collecting data. The Case of Rwanda, Worlds Apart? It may not be until one is pursing their final years of high school, or perhaps even in college when they are aware of Americas history of possessing a highly restrictive political system. Goodin, R. 2004. CrossRef Minorities have endured many forms of social injustices. world (descriptive representation), and the second focuses on effects of women's presence in parliament (substantive representation). While skeptics argue that the switch to MMP will evoke havoc and mark the end of a decisive government, the pros of proportional representation outweigh the cons. Wngnerud, L. (2009). Your email address will not be published. Hernes, H. (1987). Delegation of tasks to others offers the following benefits: 1. You do not currently have access to this chapter. 1. Political liberalism. It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide, This PDF is available to Subscribers Only. Peter, F. (2011). What Are the Advantages and Disadvantages of Organizing Data With Undocumented Youth and Collective Representation in the U.S. Congress, Good Practices of Indigenous Political Participation: Maori Participation in New Zealand Elective Bodies, Race, Bureaucracy, and Symbolic Representation: Interactions Between Citizens and Police, Conditioning Descriptive Representation: Institutional Moderation of Unique Group Perspectives in Legislative Debates, Political Participation of Australian Muslims, Minority Representation, Empowerment, and Participation, Morals or money? Mutfak Gnlkleri Sibel'in Mutfa Ana Sayfa; Hakkmda; Bana Ulan; descriptive representation pros and cons. Grofman, B. ), Deliberative democracy and its discontents. It is also known as the linear sequential model. Pros and Cons List Template | Miro 5 No. 1. 1992 also saw the rise of an increased participation of women in Congress, particularly Democratic women, and this number has increased steadily over the years. Volume 52, Issue 3. : LOCAL DESCRIPTIVE REPRESENTATION, Do Gender Quotas Work? #1) Waterfall Model. Among them is Nancy Pelosi who became the Speaker of the House in the Eleventh Congress and James Clyburn, an African-American who served as Majority Whip. Bacchi, C. (1999). On the benefit side, intersectionality, welfare state and democratization seem to deliver several of the same goods as descriptive representation, raising the question of whether descriptive representation is at all recommendable, given what we know of its costliness. Thirdly, results of this research can change over the period of time. We use cookies and similar technologies to ensure our website works properly, personalize your browsing experience, analyze how you use our website, and deliver relevant ads to you. (1998). Descriptive research is used to gain information about behavior. Martin-Woolman Ltd. Home; History; Services. Many advances in womens rights have been the result of womens greater engagement in politics and representation in the halls of government, especially since the founding of the National Organization for Women in 1966 and the National Womens Political Caucus (NWPC) in 1971. The extent to which a representative resembles those being represented. ), Deliberative systems: Deliberative democracy at the large scale. Something about the areas needed to clarify the distinctions. There are many time restrictions that are placed on research methods. Sometimes you can add a subwoofer, depending on the model. The importance of descriptive representation in regards to minorities has been the subject of many debates in the past. Descriptive vs. Inferential Statistics: Key Differences Pros. Democracy and the new separation of powers. The results apply to various other topics and departments, too. A table lists data in columns. The first disadvantage is that descriptive research requires more skills. The affirmative action controversy. Government American Congress Congressional Representation. Hence, the debate about descriptive representation is clearly in need of a more contextualized assessment of its pros and cons. 10 Anson Road,#11-20, International Plaza, Singapore-079903. In descriptive representation, representatives have similar backgrounds (gender, race, religion, etc.) Would perfect mobility be perfect? These are part of business analytics, which extract value from your business data. Democracy With Adequate Representation. A software life cycle model is a descriptive representation of the software development cycle. (1999). In academic and professional environments, researchers often take on research projects before making definitive statements or taking action involving the subject matter. Letters can be written to their representatives. For example, although more than half the U.S. population is female, only 20 percent of Congress is. Descriptive Representation - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics Since feedback is a necessary component of first-class customer service and workforce optimization . I'm not sure what the pros and cons are of labelling all or only some such statistics as inferential. The purpose of descriptive research, aside from describing a certain population or situation, is to know the basic knowledge of a study. Liza Hollis has been writing for print and online publications since 2003. 18 Advantages and Disadvantages of Purposive Sampling All names, acronyms, logos and trademarks displayed on this website are those of their respective owners. States of democracy: A gender perspective. During this time more than ever, African Americans are able to speak on subjects that can affect us in the future. Pages 491-507. These descriptive representations reflect the laws of nature, the system, or logical constraints for the design of the product. However, its not unheard of for it to happen when two buyers are using the same agent. Advantages and disadvantages of descriptive representation Descriptive representation is where people are allowed to vote for leaders who they feel mirror their beliefs. In some cases, representation can seem to have very little to do with the substantive issues representatives in Congress tend to debate. The current reservation system keeps 13% of vacancies in government sector reserved for SC, 7.5 % for ST and 27.5% for OBC. Plantenga, J., Remery, C., Figueiredo, H., & Smith, M. (2009). Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Phillips, A. Discover the world's research Under the system of proportional representation, any party with a high enough percentage of the vote will receive a seat in the government. We would say that a black constituent is descriptively represented when she has a black member of Congress, regardless of whether that member of Congress . The descriptive evaluation was proposed as opposed to traditional method of evaluation and it is based on new strategies for facing the government's challenges. In Y. Galligan (Ed. [Solved] pros/cons of descriptive measures | Course Hero In S. Besson & J. S. Mart (Eds. Descriptive Representation and Political Efficacy: Evidence from Obama A personal account can be used to get email alerts, save searches, purchase content, and activate subscriptions. Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. Democracy and disagreement. Women and Public Policy Program | Harvard Kennedy School License Terms: Download for free at http://cnx.org/contents/9e28f580-0d1b-4d72-8795-c48329947ac2@1. New York: Verso. While Congress is dominantly a male, white institution, the creation of majority-minority districts in the early 1990s resulted in the election of African-Americans and Hispanics to Congress. terminology - What is the difference between descriptive and As countries become more and more divers, they are looking for better understanding on descriptive representation and the driving force in regards to the minorities within their nation state. The Effects of Descriptive Representation on Interpersonal Relations. Lovenduski, J. Minow, M. (1991). Aldershot: Ashgate. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-51765-4_5, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-51765-4_5, Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, London, eBook Packages: Social SciencesSocial Sciences (R0). Such comparative analysis helps for quick understanding and attention. Individuals may not be voting on individual issues within a representative democracy, but they can still have their opinions heard. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Descriptive representation is a representation in which representatives have similar backgrounds to the people they represent. Hence, the debate about descriptive representation is clearly in need of a more contextualized assessment of its pros and cons. Should representatives be typical of their constituents? Toggle navigation. The changing nature of European equality regimes. The theory of the politics of presence (Phillips 1995) provides reasons for expecting a link between descriptive and substantive representation. NORA Nordic Journal of Feminist and Gender Research, 8(2), 6377. These descriptive The advantage is that it ensures that government sis efficient as the democratic process has included checks and balances (Regoli). Predictive analytics determines the potential outcomes of present and past actions and trends. Descriptive research has advantages and disadvantages with researchers accounting for positive and negative variables. For full access to this pdf, sign in to an existing account, or purchase an annual subscription. (2004). Return to Figure. Comparative Analysis: Information can be compared in terms of graphical representation. Reliance on analytical thinki ng. Sound bars have many pros, and they're the right choice for most people: Sound is still way better than integrated speakers. There are a few different ways to look at this by taking a look at different minority groups and examining their struggles. Social justice in the age of identity politics: Redistribution, recognition, and participation. 6. Struggles to expand the breadth of political and civil rights in the United States have been critical to fostering greater inclusion and equality for racial/ethnic minorities in America. PDF Does Descriptive Representation Facilitate Women's Distinctive Voice The notions of women-centred/intersectional state feminism, state feminism with/without a welfare state and with/without democratization should be thought of in terms of Weberian ideal types. The three that we visit on every trip to Atlanta are Six Flags, Stone Mountain, and the Atlanta Aquarium. There isnt enough research on the subject, with our world Under PR fewer votes are wasted as more peoples preferences are taken into account. https://thenounproject.com/term/share/7671/, CC BY. On the negative side, descriptive research can sometimes be skewed to fit the needs of the researcher. Gender as seriality: Thinking about women as a social collective. Visualize the benefits and drawbacks of the solution. Citing Literature. (1995). The three worlds of welfare capitalism. Does the representative look like, have common interests with, or share certain experiences with the represented? Swain, C. M. (1993). The purpose of descriptive research, aside from describing a certain population or situation, is to know the basic knowledge of a study. Ultimately, whether or not bone conduction headphones are . London: Sage. View your signed in personal account and access account management features. The concept of representation. She went to law school after being denied admission to medical school because of her gender. (Eds.). Voet, R. (1992). so that you can track your progress. tees, and voters weigh the pros and cons of descriptive representation, this analysis argues for attention to the specific historical contexts that make descrip- Descriptive representation should be judged primarily on this criterion. 3. Women in parliaments: Descriptive and substantive representation. thanked the writer. Shibboleth / Open Athens technology is used to provide single sign-on between your institutions website and Oxford Academic. A main aspect of marginalization. Advantages And Disadvantages Of Descriptive Research A complete Idea: Such representation creates a clear and complete idea in the mind of the audience. Poli 220 Mid Term II Review Flashcards | Quizlet Oxford: Oxford University Press. Goodin highlights that legislatures and governments need not include all groups and subgroups in society to represent the fact of diversity. On the other hand, there are some disadvantages of descriptive research. (2014). Since 1992, the U.S. Congress has experienced dramatic change in the demographic makeup of its membership. Convenience Sampling Defined: Pros & Cons. Because it relies on such a range of different methods, it is considered a holistic approach to a subject. Holst, C. (2014). Represent Women?A Contingent "Yes" Jane Mansbridge Harvard University Disadvantaged groups gain advantages from descriptive representation in at least four contexts. (1993) have developed a system consisting of a propositional and depictorial partonomy (organization of parts) for reasoning, where the depictorial partonomy reflects the hierarchy proposed in representations for visual processes. Descriptive statistics is a form of analysis that helps you by describing, summarizing, or showing data in a meaningful way. As one Black representative to the U.S. Congress told Carol Swain, "One of the advantages, and disadvantages, of representing blacks is their shameless loyalty to their incumbents. Weldon, L. S. (2002). Though as they showed that areas with high crime rates were high regardless of ethnic group.
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