Spurred by Christopher Columbuss glowing reports of the riches to be found in the New World, throngs of Spanish conquistadors set off to find and conquer new lands. Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. However, when Columbus in fact discovered America, the subsequent discoveries of indigenous peoples led the Catholic country to move beyond pure trade goals to establish lasting colonies that would add to Spain's greatness and spread Catholicism to the New World. This conflict provided the background for the heralded Age of Discovery, whereupon European nations began exploring new horizons to find means of expanding their influence and discovering new and hopefully shorter trade routes. This map traces Coronados path through the American Southwest and the Great Plains. No products in the cart. With his faithful sidekick Sancho Panza, Don Quixote leaves reality behind and sets out to revive chivalry by doing battle with what he perceives as the enemies of Spain. European countries started to think about forming empires, spreading Christianity, and ruling the world. In 1418, the Portuguese came upon the Madeira Islands and established a colony at Porto Santo. What does this letter show us about Spanish objectives in the New World? This painting illustrates the diffusion of which of the following during the Age of Exploration? flashcard sets. For example, the mariner's astrolabe, which helped to plot location by measuring the altitude of the sun and stars. explored isthmus of panama. [3] The map shows areas of Portuguese and Spanish exploration, the two nations claims under the Treaty of Tordesillas, and a variety of flora, fauna, figures, and structures. Which country established the first colonies in the Americas? They also found a sea route to India. 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Vasco de Balboa 1513- goal was to find gold and a new sea. This involved an exchange of plants, goods, ideas, and diseases from Europe to the Americas. Spanish and Portuguese Exploration in the Americas Large numbers of Spanish people came to live and work in their new lands of Central and South America. Millions of Amerindians died by violence and disease as the Spanish marched through their lands, and even the very face of the land changed as the explorers and settlers brought new livestock, weeds, and germs to the New World. Such endeavors were accomplished by the conquistadors Hernan Cortes and Francisco Pizarro, who subdued the Aztec and Incan Empires in 1521 and 1533. This two-volume book (1605 and 1618) told a colorful tale of an hidalgo (gentleman) who reads so many tales of chivalry and knighthood that he becomes unable to tell reality from fiction. All rights reserved. It was able to amplify the power of Undead army by several magnitudes. She has taught college English and religious education classes and currently works as a freelance writer. Hoping to gain power over the city, Corts took Moctezuma, the Aztec ruler, hostage. Magellan's Circumnavigation of the Earth | Origins The Spanish brought horses, guns, and other weaponry with them which frightened the Aztecs. Far from being unified and content under Aztec rule, many peoples in Mexico resented it and were ready to rebel. In 1492, they completed the Reconquista: the centuries-long Christian conquest of the Iberian Peninsula. This split desire for wealth and religious conversion was the complicated reason why Spain explored the New World. Another Italian, Amerigo Vespucci, sailing for the Portuguese crown, explored the South American coastline between 1499 and 1502. In Spain, gold and silver from the Americas helped to fuel a golden age, the Siglo de Oro, when Spanish art and literature flourished. The 15th and 16th centuries have often been labeled the age of exploration, discovery, and expansion. Above all else, the Aztec wealth in gold fascinated the Spanish adventurers. Portuguese Exploration and Spanish Conquest - U.S. History The Spanish looked south in the 1530s and 1540s. The exploits of the most famous Spanish explorers have provided Western civilization with a narrative of European supremacy and Indian savagery. Causes and Effects of Spanish Exploration and Colonization Spain played a critical part in the exploration and colonization of the Americas. Although Portugal opened the door to exploration of the Atlantic World, Spanish explorers quickly made inroads into the Americas. I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. Gallery. Other countries would soon follow suit with France and Spain founding colonies for trade connections and means of dealing with dissident religious groups in North America. The history of Spanish exploration begins with the history of Spain itself. There were different reasons for the Spanish and Portuguese exploration, with the Portuguese establishing a trading post empire to protect their goods, and Spain focusing on empire-building. Columbus set sail with three small ships and a crew of eighty . Their goals were to expand Catholicism and to gain a commercial advantage over Portugal. Portugal protested that the line gave excessively to Spain. In this instance, Cortes actually operated without approval from the Spanish crown or the governor of the Cuban colony because he desired a chance to make his own name and wealth without the credit going to his superiors. In time, much of the Atlantic World would become a gargantuan sugar-plantation complex in which Africans labored to produce the highly profitable commodity for European consumers. The Portuguese did not emphasize colonization in their new territories. Finally, Vasco de Gama arrived in India and came back with a nice, profitable load of spices in 1499. Effects of Spanish Rule in North and South America: 1. Seeing the value of this source of labor in growing the profitable crop of sugar on their Atlantic islands, the Portuguese soon began exporting African slaves along with African ivory and gold. Along the way, the explorers were always on the lookout for gold and silver. The Great Depression, 1929-1932, Franklin Roosevelt and the New Deal, 1932-1941, Fighting the Good Fight in World War II, 1941-1945, Post-War Prosperity and Cold War Fears, 1945-1960, Political Storms at Home and Abroad, 1968-1980, The Challenges of the Twenty-First Century. Smarting from their defeat at the hands of the Aztec, Corts slowly created alliances with native peoples who resented Aztec rule. The age of exploration came along way from 15th to the 17yh century bringing along voyages, conquests, new lands, disease, religion, and the exchange of goods. Henry the navigator was a mapmaker and helped build ships. What was the impact of Vasco de Gamas exploration? Warfare by the Spanish, using guns, and forced labour in mines and on plantations also contributed. More than a dozen veterans shared their concerns with U.S. Secretary of Veterans Affairs Denis McDonough and U.S. Rep. Mary Peltola. One group in particular, the Tlaxcalan, threw their lot in with the Spanish, providing as many as 200,000 fighters in the siege of Tenochtitln. D. Africans attended Prince Henry's navigation school Age of Exploration Jeopardy Template This angered the people of Tenochtitln, who rose up against the interlopers in their city. Nearly everybody remembers that 'In fourteen hundred ninety-two Columbus sailed the ocean blue,' and indeed, Christopher Columbus, sponsored by Spain, did make his first voyage in 1492 and bumped into a completely new continent on his way to the Far East. In 1533, Pizarro founded Lima, Peru. Bartholomew Dias found the Cape of Good Hope, while his successor Vasco de Gama made it to India, where he realized Portuguese dreams of having a direct spice trade link and allowed the Portuguese to dominate the trade. Spanish and Portuguese Atlantic encounters set in motion the Columbian Exchange Columbian Exchange: The exchange of plants, animals, and diseases between Europe, Africa, and the Americas from first contact through the Age of Exploration (1500-1599). Magellan and Joo Serro were the only Portuguese captains, with Magellan in charge of the largest ship, the Trinidad, and Serro at the helm of the Santiago. What Was The Age Of Exploration Or The Age Of Discovery? B. Africans were enslaved and brought to the Americas. Portuguese traders soon began to settle around the fort and established the town of Elmina. While disease killed populations. Portuguese exploration along the African coast was marked by trading rather than colonization with the empire-building posts to protect their ships carrying spices and gold back to Portugal and allying with African kings when possible. An exchange of ideas, fueled and financed in part by New World commodities, began to connect European nations and, in turn, to touch the parts of the world that Europeans conquered. At the heart of the Spanish exploration, was the desire to gain access to the spice and silk routes to increase their power and . Corts arrived on Hispaniola in 1504 and took part in the conquest of that island. Spaniards captained the other three ships (San Antonio, Concepcin, and Victoria), and constant Spanish scheming against the Portuguese would have grave consequences for the voyage. Instead, he encouraged exploration and directed many important expeditions. Portugal discovered new lands, new sea routes and made better maps of the world. Portuguese Exploration and Spanish Conquest by OpenStaxCollege is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. JMSE | Free Full-Text | Can a 16th Century Shipwreck Be Considered a Carrack or Nao - Ages of Exploration - Mariners' Museum and Park This island, like all the others, is most extensive. The land there is elevated, with many mountains and peaks incomparably higher than in the centre isle. After taking Cuba in 1511, the Spanish continued traveling further into the territory with the conquistador, Hernan Cortes, attacking the Aztec Empire in 1519, taking their capital of Tenochtitlan in 1521. Translated to conqueror, conquistadors were a class of men who especially partook in the age of exploration and discovery by leading expeditions to the New World with the understanding that conquest would gain them wealth and power with their monarchs. Columbus also discovered tobacco seeds and brought the seeds back to Europe. They explored the coasts of Africa and brought back gold and slaves. The Portuguese also traded these slaves, introducing much-needed human capital to other European nations. The increased flow of silver altered the worldwide global trading both socially and economically. How Portugal became the first global sea power - CBS News The time was ripe to explore, discover, and expand. Test and improve your knowledge of The Age of Discovery & Exploration with fun multiple choice exams you can take online with Study.com. Missionaries such as Toribio Motolinia and Bartolome de Las Casas brought Catholicism and advocated for the natives, though they fought an uphill battle. As a devoted Catholic, Columbus had agreed with Ferdinand and Isabella prior to sailing west that part of the expected wealth from his voyage would be used to continue the fight against Islam. The Portuguese built an empire from 1420 onwards that was largely composed of trade centres dotted around the coasts of three continents. Felicity Moran received a Bachelors in history from Franciscan University of Steubenville, and a Master's in history from the University of Cincinnati, where she taught at the collegiate level for two years. Its hills and mountains, fine plains and open country, are rich and fertile for planting and for pasturage, and for building towns and villages. Hogwarts Legacy is a third-person action-adventure game with some minor RPG and exploration folded into the mix. 1524. Spain and Portugal were considered to be the major exponents of 'The Age of Discovery', stretching from the early 15 th century to mid-17 th century. . Eventually they blocked access altogether. what was the effect of spanish and portuguese exploration? Q. He believed that, using calculations based on other mariners journeys, he could chart a westward route to India, which could be used to expand European trade and spread Christianity. Spains drive to enlarge its empire led other hopeful conquistadors to push further into the Americas, hoping to replicate the success of Corts and Pizarro. Map showing the routes to the Far East. His patronage allowed some of the most important Portuguese expeditions to take place. The Significance of Spanish Colonial Missions in our National Story and Spanish rulers Ferdinand and Isabella promoted the acquisition of these new lands in order to strengthen and glorify their own empire. Europeans longed for the luxuries of the Far East, including silks, pepper, and spices, but the Far East trade was dominated by Muslims and Venetians who hauled the goods over land, making them extremely expensive. This material (including graphics) can freely be used for educational purposes such as classroom presentations in universities and colleges. The money flowed freely, but they still hoped to find a way to the East. On October 12, 1492, however, he made landfall on an island in the Bahamas. Why Did Europeans Want a New Route to Asia? - Reference.com The Spanish also brought smallpox into the valley of Mexico. Seoul Station's Necromancer - Chapter 180: Defense (4) | Light Novel World Impact of the Age of Exploration - StudyMode Vasco Nez de Balboa traveled across Panama in 1513 and saw the Pacific Ocean for the first time. Wine and dried fruits from Algarve were sold in Flanders and England, salt from Setbal and Aveiro was a profitable export to northern Europe, and leather and kermes, a scarlet dye, were also exported. One of the greatest lasting effects of Spanish incursion into Latin America was the . Why did the authors of probanzas de mritos choose to write in the way that they did? Negative and Positive Impact of Portuguese Exploration by Seb. This was centre of the gold trade. Sources. What was the difference between the Portuguese and Spanish trading There were new places to explore, room to spread out, and cultures and economies to discover and even control. The realization that the Amerindians in New Spain had large quantities of gold made mining the primary aim of many who came to the New World. Benjamin Walter on LinkedIn: What is the effect of emplacement depth They forced the native people to change their religion and follow Christainity. The disease took a heavy toll on the people in Tenochtitln, playing a much greater role in the citys demise than did Spanish force of arms. They understood that the Portuguese would soon reach Asia and, in this competitive race to reach the Far East, the Spanish rulers decided to act. SE. The system also allowed them to protect their imports as they traveled back to Portugal. The Impact of Portuguese Exploration Portugal's explorers changed Europeans' understanding of the world in several ways. This slave trade also came into greater usage when the Portuguese followed the Spanish in setting their sights across the Atlantic, colonizing Brazil in the 1530s. To those ends, Ferdinand and Isabella sponsored extensive Atlantic exploration. What was the positive impact of Portuguese exploration? . A major result of the European Age of Exploration was. Spanish relationships with the natives tended to vary depending on the person. When these expeditions began, Europeans knew virtually nothing about the area past Cape Bojador on. Portuguese maritime exploration - Wikipedia positivism constructivism or interpretivism and pragmatism what was the effect of spanish and portuguese exploration? | 22 They also found a sea route to India. It has many ports along the sea-coast excelling any in Christendomand many fine, large, flowing rivers. They had many tools that helped them navigate through the Atlantic Ocean. Spains acquisitiveness seemingly knew no bounds as groups of its explorers searched for the next trove of instant riches. They accomplished this through a combination of military strength and strategic alliances with native peoples. Thus the goals of the Spanish conquest were quite different from the Portuguese. After Columbus voyages to the New World, the Portuguese, Spanish, French, Dutch, and English began the active exploration and exploitation of the newly discovered land in the Americas. Finally, they also desired to build an empire and spread Catholicism. 247 lessons Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. What was the effect of Spanish and Portuguese exploration? what was the effect of spanish and portuguese exploration? Seeking to ensure that Columbuss finds would remain Spanish, Spains monarchs turned to the Spanish-born Pope Alexander VI, who issued two papal decrees in 1493 that gave legitimacy to Spains Atlantic claims at the expense of Portugal. The Spanish explorers were in search of mineral wealth, looking for El Dorado (the City of Gold) and they aspired to spread Christianity. Native Spaniards created equally enduring works. Jul 22nd, 2021 Published. What was the effect of Spanish and Portuguese exploration? Many other Europeans followed in Columbuss footsteps, drawn by dreams of winning wealth by sailing west. Menu and widgets A. Africans found a sea route around the world. They understood that the Portuguese would soon reach Asia and, in this competitive race to reach the Far East, the Spanish rulers decided to act. They were hoping to get rich, like their Spanish neighbors. The Carrack or Nao (meaning ship) was developed as a fusion between Mediterranean and Northern European-style ships. Exploration of North America - HISTORY a long period of peace and prosperity for the nations of western Europe. In August 1521, having successfully fomented civil war as well as fended off rival Spanish explorers, Corts claimed Tenochtitln for Spain and renamed it Mexico City. Notes FAQ Contact . European exploration | Definition, Facts, Maps, Images - Britannica The traditional European narrative of exploration presents the victory of the Spanish over the Aztec as an example of the superiority of the Europeans over the savage Indians. During the fifteenth century, Spain hoped to gain advantage over its rival, Portugal. How do you think it might have influenced Europeans reading about the New World for the first time? The Hapsburg dynasty, which ruled a collection of territories including Austria, the Netherlands, Naples, Sicily, and Spain, encouraged and financed the work of painters, sculptors, musicians, architects, and writers, resulting in a blooming of Spanish Renaissance culture. Vespuccis widely published accounts of his voyages fueled speculation and intense interest in the New World among Europeans. When this lesson is over, you should be able to: To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. The Portuguese were very pleased by this achievement, and they soon dominated the East Indies trade. Europeans gained new materials like gold, silver, and jewels. How Portugal Kicked Off the Age of Exploration - HISTORY These lands comprised most of the Americas. Key Explorers The key figure in early Portuguese exploration was Prince Henry, the son of King John I. Nicknamed "the Navigator," Henry was not an explorer himself. The Spanish came to the New World first to have a Far East trading link. What did Portugal do first during the age of exploration? Las Meninas (The Maids of Honor), painted by Diego Velzquez in 1656, is one of the best-known paintings in history. Spices, fabrics, and other luxuries flowed into Portugal and out to other European countries, and the Portuguese treasury swelled. Alejandro Duran - Vice President - Reservoir and Consulting - LinkedIn If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. [1] John Francis Bannon, editor, Bolton and the Spanish Borderlands (1964), pp. What are the most important factors behind the success of Portuguese and Spanish overseas exploration and colonization? Spain. They were far more interested in trade, and before long, they had carried millions of Africans away from their homes as slaves. Chapter 15 Maritime Revolution - AP World History - Google Portugal discovered new lands, new sea routes and made better maps of the world. Those who survived were strongly influenced by Spanish language, religion, art and architecture. He might have gotten all the way to India if his crew hadn't mutinied. This colonial enterprise was driven by a search for African gold, Asian spices, and Christian kingdoms in the east. The Portuguese replaced Arab control of the trade in ivory, gold and slaves with their own. John H Elliott - Empires Of The Atlantic World.pdf What were some effects of Spanish exploration of the Americas? Portugal, the western-most European country, was one of the primary players in the European Age of Discovery and Exploration. PDF The Age of Exploration - Urbandale Community School District