which produces nitric acid from ammonia. How many moles of NaCl are produced? Write the complete and net ionic equations for the neutralization reaction between HClO3(aq) and Zn(OH)2(s). Today, most ammonia is produced on a large scale by the Haber process with capacities of up to 3,300 tonnes per day. Landfill settling pond. Calculate the number of moles in 4.0 g of CuO, A container of gas has a pressure of 745 mm Hg and room temperature is 18 C. How does the temperature of the system change when the pressure is change Oxidation of ammonia in the presence of catalyst by oxygen gas to NO and furthermore oxidation of NO to NO2 by oxygen gas is used in nitric acid production. Ammonia can be made by reaction of water with magnesium nitride as shown by the following unbalanced equation:Mg3N2(s) + H2O(l) Mg(OH)2(s) + NH3(g)If this process is 74% efficient, what mass of ammonia can be prepared from 22.5 kg magnesium nitride? Starting with a natural gas(CH { "01A:_Basic_Concepts_of_Chemistry" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "01B:_Review_of_the_Tools_of_Quantitative_Chemistry" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "02:_Atoms,_Molecules,_and_Ions" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "03:_Chemical_Reactions" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "04:_Stoichiometry:_Quantitative_Information_about_Chemical_Reactions" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "05:_Energy_and_Chemical_Reactions" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "06:_The_Structure_of_Atoms" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "07:_The_Structure_of_Atoms_and_Periodic_Trends" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "08:_Bonding_and_Molecular_Structure" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "09:_Orbital_Hybridization_and_Molecular_Orbitals" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "10:_Gases" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()" }, { Homework : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Laboratory : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Text : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", Worksheets : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()" }, [ "article:topic", "license:ccbyncsa", "licenseversion:40" ], https://chem.libretexts.org/@app/auth/3/login?returnto=https%3A%2F%2Fchem.libretexts.org%2FCourses%2FUniversity_of_Arkansas_Little_Rock%2FChem_1402%253A_General_Chemistry_1_(Belford)%2FHomework%2F03%253A_Chemical_Reactions, \( \newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}}}\) \( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash{#1}}} \)\(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)\(\newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}\), 4: Stoichiometry: Quantitative Information about Chemical Reactions, Composition, Decomposition, and Combustion Reactions, Molecular, Complete Ionic andNet Ionic Equations, status page at https://status.libretexts.org, \(\ce{Na+}(aq)+\ce{Cl-}(aq)\ce{Ag+}(aq)+\ce{NO3-}(aq) \rightarrow \ce{AgCl}(s)+\ce{Na+}(aq)+\ce{NO3-}(aq)\), \(\ce{CH3OH}(g)+\ce{O2}(g)\rightarrow \ce{CO2}(g)+\ce{H2O}(g)\), \(\ce{2H2O}(l)\rightarrow \ce{2H2}(g)+\ce{O2}(g)\), \(\ce{H+}(aq)+\ce{OH-}(aq)\rightarrow \ce{H2O}(l)\). (b) Aluminium burns is chlorine to form aluminium chloride (AlCl3). In most fish, ammonia is excreted by passive diffusion of ammonia across the gills according to its partial pressure gradient (Wilson et al. For the reaction Oxidation number of hydrogen does not change in this reaction. 5.84 Fe2O3 (molar mass = 159.7 g/mol) reacts with CO (molar mass = 28.0 g/mol) according to the equation CHAT. Reduced water flows downstream of impoundments (or in streams affected by water withdrawals) can limit habitat availability, crowding biota and concentrating ammonia-rich waste products. In the reaction below, how many molecules of hydrogen are required to react with 6.93 g of nitrogen? Identifying the type of organic waste present in a waterbody will aid in identifying candidate causes. Given that, Moles of oxygen = 0.060 mol Moles of water = ? 1 See answer Advertisement kobenhavn Round your answer to 3 significant digits. Some species of nitrogen-fixing bacteria are free-living in soil or water, while . Consider a general unbalanced reaction in which two reactants make one product: Following information you know about the reaction: Consider that calcium metal reacts with oxygen gas in the air to form calcium oxide. Is this reaction a redox reaction? We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. In what circumstance would the complete and net ionic equations for a reaction be identical? Calculate the moles of nitrogen monoxide produced by the reaction of 0.050mol of ammonia . A 49.3 sample of CaCO3 was treated with aqueous H2SO4, producing calcium sulfate, 3.65 g of water and CO2(g). There are so many fuels you can use for power generation. answer in g At the end of this tutorial, you should know. In a reaction between carbon monoxide and ferrous ferric oxide (Fe3O4), the theoretical yield in the experiment is calculated as 47.2 g iron. How many grams of steam must react to produce 381 g of ferrous ferric oxide (Fe3O4)? In the reaction below, how many moles of chlorine are needed to react with 23.9 g of sodium hydroxide? The first form of nitrogen produced by the process of mineralization is ammonia, NH 3. Due to ammonia's critical role in intensive agriculture and other processes, sustainable production is desirable. Impoundment of stream channels can result in decreased ammonia volatilization upstream of impoundments, due to decreased water velocities (and increased water depths). O oxidation number is for N2 gas and +2 for NO gas. The molar mass of B is 50.0 g/mol. Now, when there is 2.0 liters of oxygen consumed, there is 4/2.5 = 1.6 L of nitrogen monoxide produced. Determine the number of moles of calcium oxide produced after the reaction is complete. This document gives an overall detailed review of ammonia. There are two nitrogen atoms in the right side of the reaction while right side only has one nitrogen atom in the left side. Is it possible for a composition reaction to also be a combustion reaction? if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'chemistryscl_com-medrectangle-4','ezslot_9',167,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-chemistryscl_com-medrectangle-4-0'); This method is used to oxidize NH gas. How many molecules of NO2 are produced when 5.77 mol of ammonia is completely reacted? Calculate the molecules of oxygen required to react with 38.8 g of sulfur in the reaction below. Is it possible for a decomposition reaction to also be a combustion reaction? Nitrogen enters the living world by way of bacteria and other single-celled prokaryotes, which convert atmospheric nitrogen \text N_2 N2 into biologically usable forms in a process called nitrogen fixation. A Review of Ongoing Federal Research and Future Needs, Decreased respiratory function causing hyperventilation, Lease et al. Consider the equation: . Find the method of moments estimator for the parameter p of a geometric distribution. + 3H2O(l). Gaseous ammonia chemically reacts with oxygen (O 2 ) gas to produce nitrogen monoxide gas and water vapor. This step is known as the ammonia synthesis loop (also referred to as the Haber-Bosch process): Due to the nature of the (typically multi-promoted magnetite) catalyst used in the ammonia synthesis reaction, only very low levels of oxygen-containing (especially CO, CO2 and H2O) compounds can be tolerated in the synthesis (hydrogen and nitrogen mixture) gas. in: Muller R, Lloyd R (Eds). Figure 2. (2005) Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater (21st edition). Table 2 provides example toxicity values for selected species with both acute and chronic values from the current Water Quality Criteria for Ammonia (U.S. EPA 1999). The paper includes several aquatic community risk models that were designed to show species sensitivities to ammonia. a brown colour and very toxic gas. [11] In practice, natural gas will remain the major source of hydrogen for ammonia production as long as it is the cheapest. Tetraphosphorous hexaoxide is formed by the reaction of phosphorous (P4) with oxygen gas. produces 4.7 mol PH3 Consider the reaction represented by the unbalanced equation: NH3 + O2 NO + H2O. ", "Gas crisis: No chance lights will go out, says government", Energy Use and Energy Intensity of the U.S. Chemical Industry, Ammonia production process plant flow sheet, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ammonia_production&oldid=1136801653, The first step in the process is to remove, The gaseous hydrogen sulfide is then adsorbed and removed by passing it through beds of, The carbon dioxide is then removed either by absorption in aqueous, The final step in producing the hydrogen is to use catalytic, This page was last edited on 1 February 2023, at 06:13. In this process, N2 and H2 gases are allowed to react at pressures of 200 bar. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment 9(2):527-548. 4.1 mol SO3 Cu behaves as a catalyst and NH3 will be oxidized to NO. and oxygen is reduced to water. However, the most common problems associated with ammonia relate to elevated concentrations affecting fish growth, gill condition, organ weights and hematocrit (Milne et al. The relative contribution of unionized versus ionized forms to total ammonia concentrations depends on certain water quality criteria, most notably pH: as pH increases, so does the proportion of ammonia in its unionized form. Amount of added Cu at beginning will be same after the reaction. Without catalyst, ammonia is only oxidized to nitrogen gas. Sections 3.1 and 3.2 are mostly conceptional questions. To oxidize nitrogen to nitric oxide, there should be high temperature. High concentrations of ammonia in aquatic systems can have lethal and sub-lethal effects on aquatic organisms, potentially changing community structure and ecosystem function. Also b) Nitrogen gas reacts with hydrogen gas to produce ammonia according to the following equation: N 2 + 3H 2 --> 2NH 3. The concentration of ammonia in water is measured as total ammonia and is usually reported in mg/L. 0.216 mol of sodium chloride, 2.98 L of ammonia, 2.00 L of carbon dioxide, and an unlimited amount of water react to form aqueous ammonium chloride and solid sodium bicarbonate. or clear as it might seem. But their characteristics are so different. The balanced chemical equation between ammonia and oxygen is : Landfill leachate samples are collected and used in the toxicity tests with different pH values. Question: Gaseous ammonia chemically reacts with oxygen (O2) gas to produce nitrogen monoxide gas and water vapor. 2000). Site observations: We caution against using benchmarks of effects for excluding ammonia from your initial list of candidate causes, because different species have different ammonia tolerances and concentrations are seldom well-characterized. 5.Ammonia (NH3) reacts with oxygen to produce nitrogen oxide (NO) and water. 2002, Bosakowski and Wagner 1994, Repression of immune system, causing increased susceptibility to bacteria and parasitic diseases, Agricultural and urban runoff (fertilizer), Presence of organic suspended solids or floc, High plant production (e.g., algal blooms), Reduction or absence of ammonia-sensitive species, Physiological effects (e.g., decreased nitrogen excretion, decreased oxygen binding to hemoglobin), Behavioral effects (e.g., loss of equilibrium, hyperexcitability, increased breathing), Morphological effects (e.g., proliferation of gill lamellae, reduction of lymphoid tissue in the spleen, lesions in blood vessels, mucus secretion), Organismal and population effects (e.g., decreased growth and abundance, mass mortality), Concentrations measured continuously over time at the site are the same as or less than ammonia at sites without observed biological impairment (. -3 oxidation Stumm W, Morgan JJ (1996) Aquatic Chemistry. There is no overall reaction. oxidation number of nitrogen in ammonia is +3. Diamond J, Mackler D, Rasnake W, Gruber D (1993) Derivation of site-specific ammonia criteria for an effluent-dominated headwater stream. A typical modern ammonia-producing plant first converts natural gas, liquified petroleum gas, or petroleum naphtha into gaseous hydrogen. The American Oil Co in the mid-1960s positioned a single-converter ammonia plant engineered by M. W. Kellogg at Texas City, Texas, with a capacity of 544 m.t./day. When 10.0 mol of calcium metal is reacted with 2.5 mol of oxygen gas, how much calcium oxide is produced? What mass of water is formed in the complete combustion of 1.24 103 g of methane? From the statement nitrogen and hydrogen react to produce ammonia, identify the reactants and the products. Refer to the following unbalanced equation: Figure 5. This conceptual diagram (Figure 8) illustrates linkages between ammonia-related stressors (middle of diagram), the human activities and sources that can increase those stressors (top of diagram), and the biological responses that can result (bottom of diagram). You can specify conditions of storing and accessing cookies in your browser, thank you so much I really appreciate it <3 have a blessed life. What mass of ammonia is consumed by the reaction of 4.29g of oxygen gas? 2002, Disruption of blood vessels and osmoregulatory activity, causing stress to the liver and kidneys, Camargo and Alonso 2007, Sampaio et al. Question 3.2 Write a balanced chemical equation and state symbols for the reaction: Sodium hydroxide solution (in water) reacts with hydrochloric acid solution (in water) to produce sodium chloride solution and water. Heating metals such as magnesium in an atmosphere of pure nitrogen produces the nitride, which when combined with water produce the metal hydroxide and ammonia. Unionized ammonia can cause toxicity to Nitrosomonas and Nitrobacter bacteria, inhibiting the nitrification process. The Red River and Hamilton Harbor both have numerous municipal wastewater treatment plants discharging into them, and have shown high levels of ammonia in the past. Identify the type equations each of the following represent: What does it mean to say an equation is balanced? Consider that calcium metal reacts with oxygen gas in the air to form calcium oxide. Nitrogen of ammonia is oxidized to nitrogen gas from Exposure duration and frequency strongly influence the severity of effects (Milne et al. China produced about 32.6% of the global production in 2014, while Russia, India, and the U.S. produced 8.1%, 7.6%, and 6.4%. Certain human activities and land uses can directly introduce ammonia into aquatic systems, and in many cases ammonia-related impairments are only seen when these direct discharges are present. FAO and Fishing News Books, Oxford UK. CHAT. With supply of heat, ammonia reacts with oxygen and produce nitrogen gas and water as products. This inhibition can result in increased ammonia accumulation in the aquatic environment, intensifying the level of toxicity to bacteria and aquatic animals (Carmargo and Alonso 2006). At high enough concentrations, ammonia can be toxic to aquatic organisms. Channel alteration and water withdrawals can reduce ammonia volatilization due to changes in water velocities and depths. For the reaction of ethene, C2H4(g), with oxygen(g) to form carbon dioxide(g) and water(g), how many grams of carbon dioxide could be produced from 2.0 g of ethene and 3.1 g of oxygen? \[4NH_3 + 3O_2 \rightarrow 2N_2 + 6H_2O\] Reaction with Nitrogen Oxide: Oxygen is able to react with nitrogen oxide in order to produce nitrogen dioxide through the reaction shown below. Webster J, Mulholland P, Tank J, Valett M, Dodds W, Peterson B, Bowden W, Dahm C, Findlay S, Gregory S, Grimm N, Hamilton S, Johnson S, Marti E, McDowell W, Meyer J, Morrall D, Thomas S, Wollheim W (2003) Factors affecting ammonium uptake in streams: an inter-biome perspective. Ammonia is one of the most highly produced inorganic chemicals. learn everything about these reactions in detail in this tutorial. A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. Fe2+(aq) + 2Cl(aq) + 2Ag+(aq) + 2NO3(aq) Fe2+(aq) + 2NO3(aq) + 2AgCl(s), K+(aq) + Cl(aq) + Na+(aq) + C2H3O2(aq) Na+(aq) + Cl(aq) + K+(aq) + C2H3O2(aq). Write a balanced chemical equation for this reaction. A simple conceptual diagram illustrating causal pathways, from sources to impairments, related to ammonia. So Cu and CuO behave differently with ammonia. Eaton AD, Clesceri LS, Rice EW, Greenberg AE, Franson MAH (Eds.) 80% or more of the ammonia produced is used for fertilizing agricultural crops. produce nitrogen gas The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. Ammonia is also processed by coal. The steam reforming, shift conversion, carbon dioxide removal, and methanation steps each operate at absolute pressures of about 25 to 35 bar, and the ammonia synthesis loop operates at absolute pressures ranging from 60 to 180 bar depending upon the particular method used. 2003, Twitchen and Eddy 1994, IPCS 1986, Impairment of nerve function; peripheral and central nervous system effects causing hyperexcitability, Sampaio et al. So We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device. Conceptual diagrams are used to describe hypothesized relationships among sources, stressors and biotic responses within aquatic systems. In this reaction, ammonia is oxidized to element (See the figure). When energy of a compound is low, that increases the stability. Solution Ammonia ( N H3) reacts with oxygen ( O2) to form nitrogen ( N 2) and water ( H2O ). Aquatic Toxicology 73:31-43. Why should chemical equations be balanced ? Ammonia is consistently among the top five chemicals produced in the United States. {R.AM for phosphorus is 31} *, The reaction between copper oxide and carbon can be used to make copper metal. Ammonia production depends on plentiful supplies of energy, predominantly natural gas. Be sure your answer has a unit symbol, if necessary, and round it to the correct number of significant digits. However, ammonia concentrations will be affected if flow changes during the year, and this should be considered. Oxidation number of nitrogen is increased from -3 to +2. Consider the reaction However, when a student performed the experiment, the actual yield was 41.9 g iron. If 3.0 moles of A are reacted with 6.0 moles of B, which of the following is true after the reaction is complete? When 32.4 g of ammonia gas reacts with 87.3g of oxygen gas to produce 59.9g of nitrogen dioxide, what is the percent yield for the reaction? Include examples in your answer. Identify the oxidizing agent and the reducing agent in each of these redox equations. Show all work! So CuO does not show a catalytic behavior with ammonia gas because amount of CuO is reduced when reaction is in progress. in: Blackmon R (Eds). If 1.18 g of ethanol reacts with 14.1 g of oxygen, how many moles of carbon dioxide are produced? What mass of carbon dioxide will be produced when 15.7 g of butane reacts with an excess of oxygen in the following reaction? World Aquaculture 34(2):20-21. There are numerous large-scale ammonia plants worldwide, producing a grand total of 144 million tonnes of nitrogen (equivalent to 175 million tonnes of ammonia) in 2016. These will help you prepare for the questions in sections 3.3 - 3.8. Proceedings of Forester and Water Quality: A Mid-South Symposium. Consider the following reaction: 1998). Write a balanced chemical equation for each neutralization reaction in Exercise 3.6.2. What are the general characteristics that help you recognize single-replacement reactions? Wilson J, Iwata K, Iwama G, Randall D (1998) Inhibition of ammonia excretion and production in rainbow trout during severe alkaline exposure. 1 Answer Ernest Z. Apr 1, 2016 40.7 L of . 3Cu(s)+8HNO3(aq)3Cu(NO3)2(aq)+4H2O(l)+2NO(g). How many moles of ammonium chloride are formed in the reaction? Figure 8. The concentration of unionized ammonia (NH3) is derived from well-established formulas (see link to calculator below). Alterations that reduce channel complexity (e.g., piping or channelizing streams) can result in decreased nitrogen uptake. Balance elements which are oxidized and reduced in the reaction. The Encyclopedia of Earth Web site. What are the general characteristics that help you recognize double-replacement reactions? The more extensive the relevant sources and activities, the more likely it is that ammonia will reach concentrations that can impair surface waters. Checklist of Sources, Site Evidence and Biological Effects, Consider Listing Ammonia as a Candidate Cause, Consider Contributing, Modifying and Related Factors as Candidate Causes, Consider Not Listing (Eliminating) Ammonia as a Candidate Cause, Sources and Activities that Suggest Listing Ammonia as a Candidate Cause, Site Evidence that Suggests Listing Ammonia as a Candidate Cause, Biological Effects that Suggest Listing Ammonia as a Candidate Cause, Site Evidence that Supports Excluding Ammonia as a Candidate Cause, Water Quality Criteria for Ammonia (U.S. EPA 1999), Fish Hatchery Management Calculators - Table 9, Ammonia Calculator, Priority Substances List Assessment Report for Ammonia in the Aquatic Environment, Environmental Health Criteria 54: Ammonia, 1999 Update of Ambient Water Quality Criteria for Ammonia, Atmospheric Ammonia: Sources and Fate. What number of moles of H2 will be produced when 4.0 mol Na is added to 2.0 mol H2O? All life stages of ammonia-sensitive species are present at the site. Step 1: Data given. Be sure your answer has a unit symbol, if necessary, and round it to the correct number of significant digits. This is a very large NH3 + O2 reaction gives lot of energy if it is used to henerate electricity. If 21.4 g of carbon dioxide is produced in the reaction of ethyne with oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water, how many grams of water are produced in this reaction? [13] Alternatively, ammonia from waste water is sent into an ammonia electrolyzer (ammonia electrolysis) operating with renewable energy sources (Solar PV and Wind turbine) to produce hydrogen and clean treated water. [16][17] Using this option, ammonia can be recovered either as a liquid or as ammonium hydroxide. Sodium and water react according to the equation Constable M, Charlton M, Jensen F, McDonald K, Craig G, Taylor K (2003) An ecological risk assessment of ammonia in the aquatic environment. Consider the following unbalanced equation: Freshwater Biology 48:1329-1352. A flood control impoundment along Los Gatos Creek in Campbell, CA. Ionized ammonia does not pass as easily through gill membranes, so it is appreciably less toxic than the unionized form (Camargo and Alonso 2006). Write a balanced chemical equation for Doubtnut 2.59M subscribers Subscribe 3K views 2 years ago Ammonia reacts with oxygen to. Answer: Mass of NH3 = 51g Molar mass of NH3 = 17g/mol Moles of NH3 = 51g/17g/mol= 3mols 4NH3 + 5O2 ->4NO + 6H2O The mole ratio of NH3 to H20 is 4 : 6 = 2:3 3 moles of NH3 = 3/2 X 3 = 4.5 moles of H2O. How do you solve a stoichiometry problem? Physiological, morphological and behavioral effects: Specific biotic effects suggesting that you consider ammonia as a candidate cause are described in Table 1. How many grams of tin(II) fluoride can be made from 54.9 g of hydrogen fluoride if there is plenty of tin available to react? This document thoroughly discusses the basic properties, sources, and effects of ammonia to the aquatic environment of Canada.