They then extrude their feeding tentacles, ready to withdraw at any hint of danger. To keep itself safe in these crevices and cracks, the sea cucumber will hook up all its collagen fibers to make its body firm again.[9]. The harvested animals are normally dried for resale. The latter is more complex than that in other echinoderms, and consists of well-developed vessels as well as open sinuses. [15], Like all echinoderms, sea cucumbers possess pentaradial symmetry, with their bodies divided into five nearly identical parts around a central axis. Together with the intestine, the respiratory trees also act as excretory organs, with nitrogenous waste diffusing across the tubule walls in the form of ammonia and phagocytic coelomocytes depositing particulate waste. Periclimenes imperator, a symbiotic shrimp. Having no skeleton unlike the other echinoderms, holothurian classification is more complex and their paleontological phylogeny relies on a fistful of well-preserved specimens. ", Sea cucumber ossicles (here "wheels" and "anchors"). Almost 1,000 Japanese holothurian haiku translated into English appear in the book Rise, Ye Sea Slugs! I play music and work as a sound technician. However, they remain a prey for some highly specialized predators which are not affected by their toxins, such as the big mollusks Tonna galea and Tonna perdix, which paralyzes them using powerful poison before swallowing them completely. [33] [28] A review article found that chondroitin sulfate and related compounds found in sea cucumbers can help in treating joint-pain, and that dried sea cucumber is "medicinally effective in suppressing arthralgia". While echinoderms are invertebrates, meaning they do not have a spine, they do all have an endoskeleton that is secreted by the mesenchyme. L’apparato ambulacrale consta di un canale circolare che circonda l’esofago e dal quale si originano 5 canali radiali (talvolta anche più) in rapporto con i pedicelli e le ampolle. There is thus no "oral" or "aboral" face as for sea stars and other echinoderms, but the animal stands on one of its sides, and this face is called trivium (with three rows of tube feet), while the dorsal face is named bivium. Thus, compared with other echinoderms, sea cucumbers can be said to be lying on their side. The podia on the dorsal surface generally have no locomotive role, and are transformed into papillae. Echinoderms tube feet (including sea cucumbers) can be seen aligned along the side of their axes. Only one species is known as a true completely pelagic species, that never comes close to the bottom: Pelagothuria natatrix.[24]. 44 Tracks. ): Appendicolarie, ... Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana fondata da Giovanni Treccani S.p.A. © Tutti i diritti riservati. con valore vezzeggiativo 2b. Sea cucumbers have inspired thousands of haiku in Japan, where they are called namako (海鼠), written with characters that can be translated as "sea mice" (an example of gikun). Sea cucumbers are named for their resemblance to the fruit of the cucumber plant. This endoskeleton is composed of plates called ossicles. Possono ospitare nell’ampolla cloacale, come inquilini, alcune specie di Pesci Carapidi. [45] Surgical probes made of nanocomposite material based on the sea cucumber have been shown to reduce brain scarring. Mouth of a Holothuria sp., showing peltate tentacles. Echinoderms use this system for many things including movement by pushing water in and out of their podia or "tube feet". Holothuria, dal lat. It is said to emulate the "purring" of the Holothourian. [5] Many of these are gathered for human consumption and some species are cultivated in aquaculture systems. An icon used to represent a menu that can be toggled by interacting with this icon. Those of the order Apodida have no tube feet or ambulacral areas at all, and burrow through sediment with muscular contractions of their body similar to that of worms, however five radial lines are generally still obvious along their body. 0:19. Cucumaria miniata, a filter-feeding sea cucumber. While this can easily be seen in a sea star or brittle star, in the sea cucumber it is less distinct and seen in their five primary tentacles. So what I did was go into the Game Menu press (Esc), Interface, Names, and turned ON 'Critters and Vanity Pets'. La migliore soluzione sia per la pesca in fiume che per quella in laghetto. [17] At depths deeper than 8.9 km (5.5 mi), sea cucumbers comprise 90% of the total mass of the macrofauna. Marini, comprendono circa 2000 specie dai più svariati aspetti, in prevalenza bentoniche litorali, ma anche di grande profondità, in parte pelagiche e tipiche costituenti del plancton marino. L’apparato digerente consta di un esofago, di un lungo stomaco con un’ansa diretta anteriormente e dell’intestino ripiegato caudalmente che si apre all’esterno in una cloaca. This chemical can kill animals in the vicinity and is one more method by which these sedentary animals can defend themselves. Find the perfect quindi stock photo. Page 1 of 1 [ 3 posts ] Previous topic | Next topic : Author Message; soken Post subject: Amata sp. The two dorsal ambulacra make up the bivium while the three ventral ones are known as the trivium. The animal is, however, quite capable of functioning and moving about if the nerve ring is surgically removed, demonstrating that it does not have a central role in nervous coordination. by Robin D. Inside the body wall is the coelom which is divided by three longitudinal mesenteries which surround and support the internal organs. Most of them have specific swimming appendages, such as some kind of umbrella (like Enypniastes), or a long lobe on top of the body (Psychropotes). [16] These can even evolve into long antennae-like structures, especially on the abyssal genus Scotoplanes. Most sea cucumbers reproduce by releasing sperm and ova into the ocean water. When startled, these cucumbers may expel some of them through a tear in the wall of the cloaca in an autotomic process known as evisceration. Taxonomic classification according to World Register of Marine Species : To supply the markets of Southern China, Makassar trepangers traded with the Indigenous Australians of Arnhem Land from at least the 18th century and probably earlier. They are known as the introvert and posterior to them there is an internal ring of large calcareous ossicles. The shape of the tentacles is generally adapted to the diet, and to the size of the particles to be ingested: the filter-feeding species mostly have complex arborescent tentacles, intended to maximize the surface area available for filtering, while the species feeding on the substratum will more often need digitate tentacles to sort out the nutritional material; the detritivore species living on fine sand or mud more often need shorter "peltate" tentacles, shaped like shovels. The most common way to separate the subclasses is by looking at their oral tentacles. The number of holothurian (/ ˌ h ɒ l ə ˈ θj ʊər i ə n, ˌ h oʊ-/) species worldwide is about 1,717 with the greatest number being in the Asia Pacific region. General Note: The subject portion of this index-catalogue is being issued in the series of Bulletins of the Hygienic Laboratory, Public Health and Marine- hospital Service, Treasury Dept. Cauta cuvinte şi fraze milioane în toate limbile. [27] A few species are known to brood their young inside the body cavity, giving birth through a small rupture in the body wall close to the anus. The body ranges from almost spherical to worm-like, and lacks the arms found in many other echinoderms, such as starfish. These populations can process 19 kilograms of sediment per square meter (34 lb /sq yd) per year.[26]. 3.II.2010 - ITALY - Lazio - RM, Genzano di Roma. 3 anni fa | 1.8K visualizzazioni. The Crinoidea, sea fans, can go from stiff to limp depending on the current for optimal filter feeding. Larva Definizione: A larva is an insect at the stage of its life after it has developed from an egg and... | Significato, pronuncia, traduzioni ed esempi Video successivo. Sea cucumbers serve a useful role in the marine ecosystem as they help recycle nutrients, breaking down detritus and other organic matter after which bacteria can continue the degradation process. [5], Like all echinoderms, sea cucumbers have an endoskeleton just below the skin, calcified structures that are usually reduced to isolated microscopic ossicles (or sclerietes) joined by connective tissue. Aspidochirotida are the most common sea cucumbers encountered, with a strong body and 10–30 leaf like or shield like oral tentacles. In India, the commercial harvesting and transportation of sea cucumbers is banned.[56][57]. These are highly modified into retractile tentacles, much larger than the locomotive tube feet. Pelagothuria, comp. [2] The first season was premiered on KBS 1TV , the second season was premiered on KBS 2TV , the third season was premiered on JEI TV , and the fourth season was premiered on Netflix . Faeces of an holothurian. [10], Sea cucumbers have no true brain. Most possess five rows of tube feet (called "podia"), but Apodida lacks these and moves by crawling; the podia can be of smooth aspect or provided with fleshy appendages (like Thelenota ananas). bambina, spec. [52], As of 2013 a thriving black market was driven by demand in China where 1 lb (0.5 kg) at its peak might have sold for the equivalent of US$300[48] and a single sea cucumber for about US$160. In some species these can sometimes be enlarged to flattened plates, forming an armour. [38], There are many commercially important species of sea cucumber that are harvested and dried for export for use in Chinese cuisine as hoisam. [7] Holothurians measure generally between 10 and 30 centimetres long, with extremes of some millimetres for Rhabdomolgus ruber and up to more than 3 metres for Synapta maculata. In addition, five major nerves run from the nerve ring down the length of the body beneath each of the ambulacral areas. Therefore, sea cucumbers play a major role in the biological processing of the sea bed (bioturbation, purge, homogenization of the substratum etc.). πέλαγος «mare» e del nome del genere (Holo)thuria «oloturia»]. LARVA. The company has more than 12 years of experience of creating various portfolios. This larva swims by means of a long band of cilia wrapped around its body, and somewhat resembles the bipinnaria larva of starfish. È la larva del punteruolo rosso (Rhynchophorus ferrugineus) che infesta il tronco e le foglie della palma, provocando un danno [...] che diventa visibile solo quando è troppo tardi per salvare la pianta. ὁλοϑούριον]. The pentamerous radial symmetry can also be seen in their five ambulacral canals. "Catch" collagen has two states, soft and stiff, that are under neurological control. indica un genere, comprendente un... pelagotùria s. f. [lat. Many sea cucumbers have papillae, conical fleshy projections of the body wall with sensory tube feet at their apices. Ha superficie ventrale strisciante (suola) densa di pedicelli ambulacrali, superficie dorsale cosparsa irregolarmente di papille; lunghezza 30-50 cm. Some species of coral-reef sea cucumbers within the order Aspidochirotida can defend themselves by expelling their sticky cuvierian tubules (enlargements of the respiratory tree that float freely in the coelom) to entangle potential predators. class. A few genera, such as Sphaerothuria, retain relatively large plates, giving them a scaly armour.[10]. Sorry about that ;-) [44] Sea cucumbers are under investigation for use in treating ailments including colorectal cancer. [49], In recent years, the sea cucumber industry in Alaska has increased due to increased demand for the skins and muscles to China. [42] Extracts are prepared and made into oil, cream or cosmetics. [9], If the water temperature becomes too high, some species of sea cucumber from temperate seas can aestivate. arici-de-mare obţinute în dicţionarul română - italiană la Glosbe, dicţionar online, gratis. Find the perfect tosto stock photo. The pentacularia is the third larval stage of sea cucumber, where the tentacles appear. Segnala. [35] The ambulacral canals are used in their water vascular system which is another characteristic that binds this phylum together. There are also circular muscles, contraction of which cause the animal to elongate and the introvert to extend. Sea cucumbers are typically 10 to 30 cm (4 to 12 in) in length, although the smallest known species are just 3 mm (0.12 in) long, and the largest can reach 3 meters (10 ft). The term is now applied to several groups of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks that have no shell or only a very reduced shell, including the nudibranchs. fam., ragazza o donna giovane e bella: ho visto una pupa fenomenale | come appellativo scherzoso: ehi pupa, vuoi uscire con me? The water vascular system that develops from their middle coelom or hydrocoel. Some other less specialized and opportunist predators can also prey on sea cucumbers sometimes when they cannot find any better food, such as certain species of fish (triggerfish, pufferfish) and crustaceans (crabs, lobsters, hermit crabs). This is the first recorded example of trade between the inhabitants of the Australian continent and their Asian neighbours. [10], At least 30 species, including the red-chested sea cucumber (Pseudocnella insolens), fertilize their eggs internally and then pick up the fertilized zygote with one of their feeding tentacles. [43], Another study suggested that sea cucumbers contain all the fatty acids necessary to play a potentially active role in tissue repair. 11:40pm server time *uncommon Good Luck to you! Larva was the Primary target (1st position) and was lvl 5. Wild Alaskan sea cucumbers have higher nutritional value and are larger than farmed Chinese sea cucumbers. del gr. [53] In the Caribbean Sea off the shores of the Yucatán Peninsula near fishing ports such as Dzilam de Bravo, illegal harvesting had devastated the population and resulted in conflict as rival gangs struggled to control the harvest. Nobel laureate poet Wisława Szymborska wrote a poem which mentions holothurians, titled "Autotomy". However, because of their posture, they have secondarily evolved a degree of bilateral symmetry. Holothurians appear to be the echinoderms best adapted to extreme depths, and are still very diversified beyond 5,000 m deep: several species from the family Elpidiidae ("sea pigs") can be found deeper than 9,500 m, and the record seems to be some species of the genus Myriotrochus (in particular Myriotrochus bruuni), identified down to 10,687 meters deep. A descriptive passage in American novelist and MacArthur Fellow Cormac McCarthy's 1985 anti-Western Blood Meridian likens cactus embers to holothurians: "In the thorn forest through which they'd passed the little desert wolves yapped and on the dry plain before them others answered and the wind fanned the coals that he watched. [53] A crackdown by governments both in and out of China reduced both prices and consumption, particularly among government officials who had been known to eat (and were able to afford purchasing) the most expensive and rare species. larva. Sea cucumbers are typically dioecious, with separate male and female individuals, but some species are protandric. 1). vernacular scientific Creatures » … » Animals » … » Vertebrates » … » Bony Fishes » … » Cusk Eels » … [31], Sea cucumbers can also shelter bivalvia as endocommensals, such as Entovalva sp.[32]. [48] In 2016, prices on Alibaba ranged up to $1,000/kg. [54] Using techniques pioneered by the Chinese and Japanese, a second species, Holothuria scabra, was cultured for the first time in India in 1988. The two on the upper surface have under-developed or vestigial tube feet, and some species lack tube feet altogether; this face is called bivium. Synapta maculata, the longest known sea cucumber (Apodida). pa s.f. holothuria -orum (neutro pl. [30] Nevertheless, holothurians species of the genus Actinopyga have anal teeth that prevent visitors from penetrating their anus. Most sea cucumbers, as their name suggests, have a soft and cylindrical body, more or less lengthened, rounded off and occasionally fat in the extremities, and generally without solid appendages. At one of the extremities opens a rounded mouth, generally surrounded with a crown of tentacles which can be very complex in some species (they are in fact modified podia); the anus is postero-dorsal. I tentacolo si trovano in posizione cefalica, sono spesso provvisti di recettori sensitivi e sono per lo più utilizzati per la cattura del cibo o per la ricezione degli stimoli ambientali: per es., nei Celenterati, nei Ciliati e nelle ... mitologia In most sea cucumbers, however, these have become reduced to microscopic ossicles embedded beneath the skin. No need to register, buy now! La parete del corpo, dalla bocca all’ano, è percorsa da 5 solchi ambulacrali (fig. IT Italiano dizionario: Larva The ambulacral grooves bear four rows of tube feet but these are diminished in size or absent in some holothurians, especially on the dorsal surface. The reproductive system consists of a single gonad, consisting of a cluster of tubules emptying into a single duct that opens on the upper surface of the animal, close to the tentacles. While the organisms in this phylum may not all look the same from the outside, their make-up is another story. The Chinese and Japanese were the first to develop successful hatchery technology on Apostichopus japonicus, prized for its high meat content and success in commercial hatcheries. Order Apodida have a slender and elongate body lacking tube feet, with up to 25 simple or pinnate oral tentacles. oloturia Nome comune degli Echinodermi appartenenti alla classe Oloturoidei (Holothuroidea), detti anche cetrioli di mare. [10], Indeed, the blood itself is essentially identical with the coelomic fluid that bathes the organs directly, and also fills the water vascular system. Holothuria tubulosa). An additional form of coelomocyte, not found in other echinoderms, has a flattened discoid shape, and contains hemoglobin. (1996) "We Still Invoke Friction and Occam's Razor to Explain Catch in the Spines of, "Transcriptome Sequencing and Characterization for the Sea Cucumber, "Cambrian holothurians? Furthermore, the fivefold symmetry, classical for echinoderms, although preserved structurally, is doubled here by a bilateral symmetry which makes them look like chordates. [36], All echinoderms also possess anatomical feature(s) called mutable collagenous tissues, or MCTs. Stream Tracks and Playlists from … Sea cucumbers are echinoderms from the class Holothuroidea. Numerous small animals can live in symbiosis or commensalism with sea cucumbers, as well as some parasites. Nuota larva di libellula in acqua nel 2014 lumache e girini sono - Duration: 0:19. Other species can dig into bottom silt or sand until they are completely buried. Larger size and higher nutritional value has allowed the Alaskan fisheries to continue to compete for market share.[50]. La loro forma è assai variabile, ma tutti hanno uno scheletro formato da tante piastre calcaree di varia forma e dimensione che assicurano ... olotùria s. f. [lat. In genere a sessi separati, raramente vivipari; dalle uova si sviluppa di regola una larva natante, auricolaria, cui segue una seconda larva, doliolaria, che si trasformerà in una giovane oloturia. Tutti i diritti appartengono ai rispettivi proprietari. Es sind im allgemeinen nur neuere Arbeiten aufgenommen; die ältere Literatur findet sich in W. Biedermann: Beitrag im Handbuch der vergleichenden Physiologie Bd.2. [5][34] The release of these tubules can also be accompanied by the discharge of a toxic chemical known as holothurin, which has similar properties to soap. Gli Oloturidi sono una famiglia di Aspidochiroti, composta dai generi Actinopyga e Holothuria. Lissocarcinus orbicularis, a symbiotic crab. Sea cucumbers are harvested from the environment, both legally and illegally, and are increasingly farmed via aquaculture. In the late 1800s as many as 400 divers operated from Cook Town, Queensland. Depending on conditions, one organism can produce thousands of gametes. Mouth of a Cucumaria miniata, with dendritic tentacles, for filtering the water. Kyk na milions woorde en frases in alle tale. In alcune classificazioni si dividono in 3 ordini: Elasipodi, con pedicelli ambulacrali e canale petroso aperto all’esterno (forme abissali); Pedati, con pedicelli ambulacrali e canale petroso aperto nel celoma; Apodi, privi di pedicelli ambulacrali. Le o., per autotomia, possono espellere intestino e polmoni acquiferi e poi rigenerarli. James, D. B., Gandhi, A. D., Palaniswamy, N., & Rodrigo, J. X. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the English term "sea slug" was originally applied to holothurians during the 18th century. Il genere Holothuria è comune in tutti i mari, particolarmente quelli temperati e tropicali; comprende oltre 100 specie (alcune comuni nel Mediterraneo, es. Sea cucumbers can be found in great numbers on the deep seafloor, where they often make up the majority of the animal biomass. They are always internal but may only be covered by a thin epidermal layer like in sea urchin's spines. Larva definition is - the immature, wingless, and often wormlike feeding form that hatches from the egg of many insects, alters chiefly in size while passing through several molts, and is finally transformed into a pupa or chrysalis from which the adult emerges. Holothuroidea (sea cucumbers) are one of five extant classes that make up the phylum Echinodermata. One of Australia's oldest fisheries is the collection of sea cucumber, harvested by divers from throughout the Coral Sea in far North Queensland, Torres Straits and Western Australia. [54], In 2020, the Indian government created the world's first sea cucumber conservation area, the Dr KK Mohammed Koya Sea Cucumber Conservation Reserve, to protect the sea cucumber species. How to use larva in a sentence. In more shallow waters, sea cucumbers can form dense populations. The intestine is typically long and coiled, and loops through the body three times before terminating in a cloacal chamber, or directly as the anus. Sorry about that ;-) Cute liscia o cosparsa di tubercoli, contenente nel suo spessore spicole calcaree libere, e rinforzata da una spessa muscolatura. It is radially symmetrical along its longitudinal axis, and has weak bilateral symmetry transversely with a dorsal and a ventral surface. ... Subphylum di Cordati, Celomati Epineuri, chiamati anche Urocordati. However, a central symmetry is still visible in some species through five 'radii', which extend from the mouth to the anus (just like for sea urchins), on which the tube feet are attached. Buona visione! Huge collection, amazing choice, 100+ million high quality, affordable RF and RM images. In altre classificazioni si considerano 5 o 6 ordini, distribuiti in 3 sottoclassi: Apodacei, con gli ordini Apodi e Molpadidi; Aspidochirotacei, con gli ordini Aspidochiroti ed Elasipodi; Dendrochirotacei con l’ordine Dendrochiroti, cui alcuni aggiungono i Dattilochiroti. Some cleaner shrimps can live on the tegument of holothurians, in particular several species of the genus Periclimenes (genus which is specialized in echinoderms), in particular Periclimenes imperator. Le oloturie della famiglia Dendrochiroti possono nutrirsi con l’ausilio dei tentacoli, la cui superficie secerne una sostanza vischiosa alla quale aderiscono gli organismi. [10], Even in those sea cucumbers that lack regular tube feet, those that are immediately around the mouth are always present. larva. Lernen Sie die Übersetzung für 'larva' in LEOs Italienisch ⇔ Deutsch Wörterbuch. . Replacement tubules grow back in one and a half to five weeks, depending on the species. See more. Si muovono strisciando sul fondo marino e si nutrono delle particelle organiche del fango; alcune specie sono abissali, altre, rare, planctoniche. Sinonimi: bambola. [10], Vanadium has been reported in high concentrations in holothurian blood,[14] however researchers have been unable to reproduce these results. Cool as a Sea Cucumber", "Marine Species Identification Portal : North Australian Sea Cucumbers : Glossary : PapillaMarine", "Answers - The Most Trusted Place for Answering Life's Questions", "What are the Deepest known echinoderms ? The first movement of French pianist Erik Satie's Embryons desséchés is titled "D'Holothournie". A common trend in the uses of MCTs is that they are generally used for self-defense mechanisms and in regeneration.[37]. scient. Depending on the species, sea cucumbers have between ten and thirty such tentacles and these can have a wide variety of shapes depending on the diet of the animal and other conditions.[10]. Dizionario online multilingue gratuito e banca dati dei sinonimi . [48], Overexploitation of sea cucumber stocks in many parts of the world provided motivation for the development of sea cucumber aquaculture in the early 1980s. Overfishing of sea cucumbers in the Great Barrier Reef is threatening their population. No need to register, buy now! In the South Pacific sea cucumbers may be found in densities of 40 individuals per square meter (33 /sq yd). While they are in this state of dormancy they stop feeding, their gut atrophies, their metabolism slows down and they lose weight. Translation in process We're updating the page. Edgar Allan Poe's only novel, The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket (1838), includes in its twentieth chapter a long, detailed description of sea cucumbers, which the narrator calls biche de mer. 1911 von Winterstein.. — Eine ganze Reihe von Arbeiten konnte infolge der schweren Lage der hiesigen Bibliotheken nur im Referat eingesehen werden. In most sea cucumbers, this is the only substantial part of the skeleton, and it forms the point of attachment for muscles that can retract the tentacles into the body for safety as for the main muscles of the body wall. This is assumed by other characters to have a sexual connotation but is actually a reference to her frequent nausea. Woxikon / dizionario Italiano / L / Larva . In the sea cucumber the ossicles are only found in the dermis, making them a very supple organism. [11], A pharynx lies behind the mouth and is surrounded by a ring of ten calcareous plates. In English translations of these haiku, they are usually called "sea slugs». For this reason, one such area in Fiordland is called the strawberry fields. The mouth is surrounded by tentacles, which can be pulled back inside the animal. Gill.[58]. There might be some translation errors. As in other Echinozoans, there are five ambulacra separated by five ambulacral grooves, the interambulacra. However, in sea cucumbers the ossicles are found in a two-dimensional network. 1) da simmetria bilaterale, allo stato adulto pseudoraggiata sul piano pentamero: dalla bocca partono 5 raggi lungo i quali decorrono i canali ambulacrali limitanti 5 interradi, in uno dei quali si trova placca perforata: la piastra madreporica ... Organo flessibile e di forma allungata presente in molti invertebrati. Cauta cuvinte şi fraze milioane în toate limbile. They also sift through the bottom sediments using their tentacles. arici de mare obţinute în dicţionarul română - italiană la Glosbe, dicţionar online, gratis. The bones of cholla that glowed there in their incandescent basketry pulsed like burning holothurians in the phosphorous dark of the sea's deeps. Anterior to the ossicles lie further muscles, contraction of which cause the introvert to retract. Dendrochirotida are filter-feeders, with plump bodies and 8–30 branched oral tentacles (which can be extremely long and complex).

Michele Placido Compagna, I Promessi Sposi Video Didattico, Bilocale Sarpi Milano, Daikin New Classic 9000 Btu, Sentimento Di Gratitudine, Sardegna - Wikipedia, Quello Che Provo Io Per Te Canzone, Copia Verbale Polizia Municipale, De Gregori Politica, Piccolo Levriero Italiano Colori Caffelatte, Cpi Pomezia Offerte Lavoro, Insegnare In Trentino Alto Adige,